切薩皮克灣海戰

切薩皮克灣海戰
美國獨立戰爭的一部分

法國戰列艦和英國戰列艦正在交戰。
日期1781年9月5日
地点
结果 法軍勝利[1][2]
参战方
法蘭西王國 法蘭西王國  大不列顛王國
指挥官与领导者
法蘭西王國 德·葛拉瑟伯爵 湯瑪斯·葛瑞夫斯英语Thomas Graves, 1st Baron Graves
兵力
24艘戰列艦 19艘戰列艦
8艘其他戰艦
伤亡与损失
209人戰死或受傷
2艘受損[3][4]
90人戰死
246人受傷
5艘受損
1艘被擊沉[5][1]

切薩皮克灣海戰,又稱維吉尼亞角戰役或簡稱海角戰役,於1781年9月5日切薩皮克灣附近爆發,是美國獨立戰爭中一場關鍵的海戰,由湯瑪斯·葛瑞夫斯英语Thomas Graves, 1st Baron Graves率領的英國艦隊對抗德·葛拉瑟伯爵指揮的法國艦隊。

針對1781年7月在紐約或維吉尼亞攻擊英國軍隊的選項,葛拉瑟海軍上將選擇了後者,八月底葛拉瑟的艦隊抵達切薩皮克。法國海軍上將巴拉斯伯爵英语Jacques-Melchior Saint-Laurent, Comte de Barras在得知葛拉瑟已經從西印度群島航行到北美後,也從羅德島紐波特基地出航。葛瑞夫斯推測兩支法國艦隊將於切薩皮克灣會合。他帶領19艘船從紐約往南航行,9月5日葛瑞夫斯在切薩皮克灣遇見葛拉瑟停泊的艦隊,葛拉瑟急忙指揮24艘船艦迎戰。經過兩小時的接合和移動,兩個艦隊並沒有完全排成戰列,只有前面和中心部分跟直線完全接合,雖然在戰術上雙方均未能獲得決定性勝利,但對英軍來講這是他們戰略上的重挫。因為英軍無法支援或撤離約克鎮中由查爾斯·康沃利斯將軍所指揮的英軍。當法國海軍能夠暫時控制海面,由美軍及法國步兵連同火砲、攻城器抵達約克鎮支援,對約克鎮圍城戰役有著決定性影響。

参考文献

引用

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Weigley(1991年),第240页
  2. ^ Duffy 1992,第110頁.
  3. ^ Davis(2007年),第159页
  4. ^ Castex(2004年),第28, 33页
  5. ^ Davis(2007年),第161页

来源

  • Allen, Joseph Battles of the British Navy, Bohn (1852) page 322, via Google Books- accessed 2008-01-06
  • Castex, Jean-Claude. Dictionnaire des batailles navales franco-anglaises. Presses Université Laval. 2004. ISBN 2-7637-8061-X. 
  • Davis, Burke. The Campaign that Won America. New York, NY: HarperCollins year=2007. 
  • Weigley, Russell. The Age of Battles: The Quest For Decisive Warfare from Breitenfeld to Waterloo. Indiana University Press. 1991 ISBN 0-7126-5856-4.

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