分词

分词(英語:participle,簡寫:PTCP)是一個语言学術語,為一种非限定動詞形式,其在句子中的功能隨上下文的語境變化。取決於上下文,分詞可以具有副詞的功能或是作為一個形容詞[1]。可以用于构成复合时态语态或作为修饰语。分词常常有其他词类的特征,特别是形容词名词的特征。分詞的英語「participle」來自於拉丁語participium,拉丁語又翻譯自希腊语μετοχη」,其意義為分擔或分享[2]

包括印欧语系闪-含语系乌拉尔语系阿尔泰语系愛斯基摩-阿留申語系等語系中都有分词的存在。而汉藏语系的诸语言则没有分词这一语法范畴。在多数现代欧洲语言中都會有兩種分词,比如英語有现在分词(英語:present participle)和过去分词(英語:past participle);德语第一分词(德語:Partizip I)和第二分词(德語:Partizip II)。

分詞的種類

分詞常常用時態來區別,例如英語裡有現在分詞過去分詞。但這只是約定俗成;現在分詞不一定就是表示現在,過去分詞也不一定表示過去。

分詞也可能用語態區別。有的語言(如拉丁語俄語)的主動語態被動語態有不同分詞。英語中的現在分詞本質上是主動分詞,而過去分詞兼具主動、被動用法,就如以下例子所展示的:

  • I saw Peter eating his dinner. 我看見比得吃飯。(eating是主動分詞,而被修飾名詞Peter是實施者
  • I have eaten my dinner. 我吃過飯了。(完成時結構;eaten是主动分词)
  • John was eaten by lions. 約翰被獅子吃了。(eaten是被動分詞,John是承受者

有時也區分形容詞性分詞副詞性分詞。副词性分词(或分詞短語、基於這種分詞的從句)在句中扮演狀語,而形容詞性分詞(或分詞短語、基於這種分詞的從句)扮演定語表語。有些語言裡這兩種分詞形式不同,比如俄語和其餘斯拉夫語言匈牙利語,以及許多愛斯基摩語

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Participle. SIL Glossary of Linguistic Terms. 2015-12-03 [2020-05-08]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-18) (英语). 
  2. ^ Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, μετοχ-ή. www.perseus.tufts.edu. [2020-05-08]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-12). 

参考文献

Read other articles:

Untuk countess Prancis abad ke-13, lihat Margaret, Countess of Anjou. Margaret dari AnjouMargaret dari Anjou, detail dari Buku Talbot ShrewsburyRatu permaisuri InggrisMasa jabatan ke-123 April 1445 – 4 Maret 1461Penobatan30 Mei 1445, Westminster AbbeyMasa jabatan ke-230 Oktober 1470 – 11 April 1471Informasi pribadiKelahiran23 Maret 1430Pont-à-Mousson, LorraineKematian25 Agustus 1482(1482-08-25) (umur 52)AnjouPemakamanKatedral Angers, AnjouWangsaValois-AnjouAyahRené dari A...

 

For other uses, see levee (disambiguation). Look up lever in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The levee (from the French word lever, meaning getting up or rising)[1] was traditionally a daily moment of intimacy and accessibility to a monarch or leader, as he got up in the morning. It started out as a royal custom, but in British America it came to refer to a reception by the sovereign's representative, which continues to be a tradition in Canada with the New Year's levee; in the Unite...

 

Georgia became a U.S. state in 1788, which allowed it to send congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives beginning with the 1st United States Congress in 1789. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years, and members of the House to two-year terms. These are tables of congressional delegations from Georgia to the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. Current delegation Current U.S. senators from Geo...

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Lagger. Cet article est une ébauche concernant une athlète autrichienne. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Sarah LaggerBiographieNaissance 3 septembre 1999 (24 ans)Spittal an der DrauNationalité autrichienneActivité AthlèteAutres informationsTaille 1,75 mSport Athlétismemodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Sarah Lagger (née le 3 septembre 1999...

 

Historical development of the Mediterranean Bacino del Mediterraneo, dall'Atlante manoscritto del 1582–1584 ca. Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Vittorio Emanuele II, Rome (cart. naut. 2 – cart. naut 6/1-2). The history of the Mediterranean region and of the cultures and people of the Mediterranean Basin is important for understanding the origin and development of the Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Canaanite, Phoenician, Hebrew, Carthaginian, Minoan, Greek, Persian, Illyrian, Thracian, Etruscan, Ib...

 

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع جون ويليامسون (توضيح). هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019) جون ويليامسون (ملحن) (بالإنجليزية: John Williamson)‏    معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة (بالإنجليزية: John Robert Williamson)‏  ا

Salud en Corea del Norte, a pesar de las dificultades de la economía norcoreana en algunos sectores, su sistema de asistencia sanitaria universal es relativamente bueno cuando es comparado con los sistemas de salud de algunos países en vías de desarrollo.[1]​ Historia El sistema de salud norcoreano ha tenido algunos avances notorios, pero ha tenido que enfrentarse a grandes retos. El virus COVID-19 ha representado un gran desafío para el bienestar de los ciudadanos del país y el de...

 

بطولة العالم لسباق الدراجات على الطريق القميص القزحي الذي يحمله بطل العالم خلال الموسم الموالي معلومات عامة الرياضة سباق الدراجات على الطريق  انطلقت 1927 المنظم الاتحاد الدولي لسباق الدراجات (UCI) التواتر كل سنة في شهر سبتمبر الموقع الرسمي www.uci.ch قائمة الفائزين أخر بطل إيط...

 

Romanesque fresco painting Southern apse from PedretArtistCircle of the Master of PedretYearEnd of 11th/beginning of 12th centuryTypeFresco transferred to canvasLocationMuseu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona The Southern apse from Pedret is a Romanesque fresco painting from late 11th century or the beginning of the 12th century, which was acquired during the 1919-1923 campaign of the Junta de Museus. The artwork originated from the southern apsidiole of the Church of Sant Quirze de Pedr...

Негосударственное частное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Технический университет УГМК»(ТУ УГМК) Год основания 2013 Тип частный Директор Лапин Вячеслав Александрович[1] Научный руководитель Фёдорова Светлана Владимировна Студенты около 500 человек, ...

 

Ancient Egyptian princess of 4th Dynasty For other uses, see Nofret (disambiguation). Nofret(Nfr-t)Nofret's statue, Cairo MuseumResting placemastaba at MeidumOther namesNefret, NeferetTitlePrincess consort of EgyptSpousePrince RahotepChildren♂ Djedi♂ Itu♂ Neferkau♀ Mereret ♀ Nedjemib♀ Sethtet Nofret was a noblewoman and princess who lived in Ancient Egypt during the 4th dynasty of Egypt c. 2613 to 2494 BC. Nefert means beautiful. Nofret is alternatively known as Nefert or N...

 

Sirius XM satellite radio channel This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (July 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The BridgeBroadcast areaUnited States CanadaFrequencySirius XM Radio 27 Dish Network 6032ProgrammingFormatSoft rock/Adult ...

Humor magazine Sundial Humor MagazineFounded1911Based inThe Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio USWebsitehttps://org.osu.edu/sundial/ The Sundial Humor Magazine is an independent humor magazine in Columbus, Ohio, by students at Ohio State University. Founded in 1911, it is one of the oldest college humor magazines in the country. The magazine has an infrequent history, having several hiatuses, most recently revived in 2011 when it switched to an online format. Print copies returned that year...

 

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Je te survivrai. Je te survivrai Single de Jean-Pierre Françoisextrait de l'album Des nuits Face B Je l'ai revue hier soir Sortie juin 1989 Enregistré 1989Studio CBE (Paris) Durée 4:22 Genre Popchanson française Auteur Didier Barbelivien Producteur Didier Barbelivien,Bernard Estardy Label Zone Music Singles de Jean-Pierre François Il a neigé sur les lacs(1990)modifier Je te survivrai est une chanson du chanteur français Jean-Pierre François....

 

1924 Walt Disney short This article needs a plot summary. Please add one in your own words. (February 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Alice's Day at SeaTheatrical release posterDirected byWalt DisneyProduced byM. J. WinklerStarringVirginia Davis, Spec O'DonnellAnimation byWalt DisneyColor processBlack and whiteProductioncompanyDisney Brothers Cartoon StudioDistributed byWinkler PicturesRelease date March 1, 1924 (1924-03-01) Running time11:20 minu...

Autograph of Chopin‘s Variations Op. 2. Title page with dedication to Tytus Woyciechowski. Woyciechowski‘s handwritten reply upright on the right side.[1] Frédéric Chopin's Variations on Là ci darem la mano for piano and orchestra, Op. 2, was written in 1827, when he was aged 17. Là ci darem la mano is a duet sung by Don Giovanni and Zerlina in act 1 of Mozart's 1787 opera Don Giovanni. In a manuscript of this composition, dedicated to his schoolfriend Tytus Woyciechowski, the...

 

Rukmini Zainal AbidinLahir(1924-02-23)23 Februari 1924Padang, Sumatera Barat, IndonesiaMeninggal3 Januari 2016(2016-01-03) (umur 91)JakartaSuami/istriZainal Abidin ​(m. 1948)​ Rukmini Zainal Abidin (23 Februari 1924 – 3 Januari 2016)[1] merupakan salah seorang pengusaha farmasi Indonesia. Dia memiliki beberapa perusahaan, antara lain yang cukup terkenal adalah PT Tunggal Idaman Abadi. Rukmini merupakan kemenakan dari tokoh proklamator,...

 

Selamat Siang IndonesiaGenreBeritaNegara asalIndonesiaBahasa asliBahasa IndonesiaProduksiLokasi produksiThe East Building, Mega Kuningan, Kuningan Timur, Setiabudi, Jakarta Selatan, IndonesiaDurasi30 menitRumah produksiNET. NewsDistributorNet Visi MediaRilis asliJaringanNET.Format gambarHDTV (1080i 16:9)Format audioDolby Digital 5.1Rilis16 Maret 2020 (2020-03-16) –17 Juni 2022 (2022-6-17)Acara terkaitJejak Peristiwa Selamat Siang Indonesia adalah program berita siang televisi...

American legislative district Map of Massachusetts House of Representatives' 8th Middlesex district, 2013. Based on 2010 United States Census. Massachusetts House of Representatives' 8th Middlesex district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers parts of Middlesex County and Worcester County.[1] Democrat Carolyn Dykema of Holliston represented the district from 2009[2] until her resignat...

 

American actress (born 1942) Jennifer BasseyBassey in 1967Born (1942-07-22) July 22, 1942 (age 81)Chicago, Illinois, U.S.OccupationActressYears active1969–presentSpouses Roy F. Emery ​ ​(m. 1971; died 1991)​ Luther Davis ​ ​(m. 2004; died 2008)​ ChildrenChristopher Emery (stepson) Jennifer Bassey (born July 22, 1942) is an American actress who has worked on both stage and screen. She is...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!