Richard Rorty

Richard McKay Rorty
Tavalludi 4-okttabr 1931-yil
Nyu-York
Vafoti 8-iyun 2007-yil
Palo-Alto, Kaliforniya shtati
Fuqaroligi AQSh
Otasi James Rorty
Onasi Winifred Rauschenbusch

Richard McKay Rorty (1931-yil 4-oktyabr — 2007-yil 8-iyun) - amerikalik faylasuf. U falsafa tarixi, zamonaviy analitik falsafa boʻyicha Chikago va Yel universitetida tahsil olgan. Rorty Prinston universitetida falsafa professori, Virjiniya universitetida Gumanitar fanlar professori Kenan ilmiy darajalarida va Stenford universitetida qiyosiy adabiyot professori lavozimlarida ishlagan. Uning "Falsafa va tabiat ko‘zgusi" (1979), "Pragmatizm oqibatlari" (1982), „ Favquloddalik, ironiya va birdamlik“ (1989) kabi eng mashhur asarlari bor. Rorty uzoq vaqtdan beri mavjud boʻlgan tashqi dunyodagi obyektlarning toʻgʻri ichki tasviri bilim uchun zaruriy shart degan fikrni rad etdi. Rorty buning oʻrniga bilim ichki va lingvistik ish, bilim faqat oʻz tilimizga tegishli ekanligini taʼkidladi[1][2]. Rorti tilning o‘tkinchi va tarixiy lug‘atlardan tashkil topganligini taʼkidlaydi[3] va „… lug‘at inson tomonidan yaratilgani uchun, haqiqatlar ham shunday“ degan xulosaga kelgan[4].

Tarjimayi holi

Richard Rorti 1931-yil 4-oktabrda Nyu-York shahrida tug‘ilgan[5]. Uning ota-onasi Jeyms va Winifred Rorti faollar, yozuvchilar va sotsial-demokratlar boʻlgan. Uning onasi tomonidan bobosi Valter Rauschenbusch 20-asr boshidagi Ijtimoiy Xushxabar harakatining asosiy vakili boʻlgan[6]. Uning otasi voqealarni oldindan bilishini daʼvo qilib chiqishi sababli Rorty oʻsmirlik davrida depressiyaga tushib qoldi va 1962-yilda obsesif nevroz uchun olti yillik psixiatrik tahlilni boshladi[7]. Natijada, oʻsmirlik davrida Rorti oʻzining „Trotskiy va yovvoyi orkide“ nomli qisqacha avtobiografiyasida Nyu-Jersidagi qishloq orkidelarining goʻzalligi va estetik goʻzallik va ijtimoiy adolatni uygʻunlashtirish istagini yozgan. 14 yoshida Chikago universitetiga oʻqishga kiradi, u Yerda falsafa boʻyicha bakalavr va magistr darajasini oldi (Richard MakKeon qoʻl ostida tahsil oldi),[8][9] Yel universitetida falsafa fanlari doktori (1952-1956) darajasini oladi[10]. U akademik Ameli Oksenberg (Harvard universiteti professori) bilan turmush quradi. Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari armiyasida ikki yil xizmat qilgandan soʻng, 1961-yilgacha Uellsli kollejida uch yil dars beradi[11]. Rorti 21 yil davomida Prinston universitetida falsafa professori bo‘lgan[11]. 1981-yilda u „Genius mukofoti“ nomi bilan tanilgan MakArtur stipendiyasi gʻolibi boʻlgan. 1982-yilda Virjiniya universitetida Gumanitar fanlar boʻyicha Kenan professori boʻlgan[12]. 1998-yilda Rorti Stenford universitetida qiyosiy adabiyot professori boʻladi va u yerda akademik faoliyatining qolgan qismini oʻtkazadi[12].

Percyning sil kasalligi

Persi sil kasalligidan tiklanish uchun vaqt o'tkazgan Adirondacksdagi quyi Saranak ko'li

Percy 1941-yilda Nyu-York shahridagi Kolumbiya universiteti shifokorlar va jarrohlar kollejida psixiatr doktorlik darajasini oladi[13]. 1942-yilda Bellevyuda otopsiya o'tkazayotganda sil kasalligiga chalinadi[14]. U tibbiy karyerasini tark etishga va shaharni tark etishga majbur bo'ladi. Persi bir necha yil davomida Nyu-York shtatidagi Adirondak tog'laridagi Saranak ko'lidagi Trudeau sanatoriysida davolanadi. U o'z vaqtini uxlab, o'qish va radioda Ikkinchi Jahon urushi haqidagi yangiliklarni eshitish bilan o'tkazadi. U urushda qatnashgan va xorijda jang qilayotgan akalariga havas qilardi[15]. Percy daniyalik ekzistensialist faylasuf Soren Kierkegor hamda Fyodor Dostoevskiy, Gabriel Marsel, Jan-Pol Sartr, Frans Kafka va Tomas Manning asarlarini o'qib, fanning inson mavjudligining asosiy sirlarini tushuntirish qobiliyatiga shubha qila boshlagandi[16][17].

1944-yil avgust oyida Percy ancha sog'lig'ini tiklagandan so'ng Tryudoni tark etadi. U Nyu-York shahriga Kolumbiya huquq fakulteti dekani va Persining do'sti Huger Jervini ko'rish uchun bordi. Keyin u Nyu-Jersi shtatining Atlantik-Siti shahrida dengiz flotidan ta'tilda bo'lgan ukasi Phin bilan ikki oy yashaydi[18]. 1945-yil bahorida Kolumbiyaga patologiya o'qituvchisi sifatida qaytib keladi va Huger Jervi bilan birga yashashga qaror qildi. May oyida rentgenografiya kasalligining qayta tiklanishini aniqladi[19]. 12-aprelda Gaylord Farm sanatoriyasida qolish uchun Konnektikut shtatining Uollingford shahriga poyezdga chiqadi[20][17].

Yillar o'tib, Percy o'z kasalligi haqida o'sha paytdagidan ko'ra ko'proq mehr bilan o'yladi: "Men sil kasalligiga chalingan eng baxtli odam edim, chunki bu menga Bellevyudan chiqib, tibbiyotni tark etishga imkon berdi"[21].

Persi 1988-yil 10-martda prostata saratoni bo'yicha operatsiyani o'tkazdi, ammo u allaqachon atrofdagi to'qimalar va limfa tugunlariga metastazlangan edi[22]. 1989-yil iyul oyida u Minnesota shtatining Rochester shahridagi Mayo klinikasida o'z shifokorlariga eksperimental dori vositalaridan foydalanish uchun ko'ngilli bo'ldi. Persi saraton kasalligiga chalingan interferon va fluorourasil dorilarining ta'sirini sinab ko'rish uchun tadqiqotga yoziladi. Foote bilan yozishmalarida Persi doimiy sayohat va kasalxonada yotishdan hafsalasi pir bo'lganini aytdi: "Kasalxonalar hech kim uchun joy emas, kasal odam uchun ham joy emas"[23][24]. Davolanish natijalari bir kun kelib boshqalar uchun qadrli bo'lishi uchun u Mayoda davolanishni imkon qadar davom ettirishga qaror qildi[25].

U 1990 yilda 74 yoshga to'lishidan o'n sakkiz kun oldin Kovingtondagi uyida prostata saratonidan vafot etdi[14][26]. U Luiziana shtatidagi Sent-Benedikt shahridagi Sent-Jozef Benediktin abbatligida dafn etilgan. U 1990-yil 16-fevralda, o'limidan uch oy oldin, Abbey monastir jamoasining dunyoviy a'zosiga aylandi.

Mukofot va unvonlari

  • 1973-yil Guggenxaym stipendiyasi[27]
  • 1981-yil MakArtur stipendiyasi[12]
  • 1983-yil Amerika sanʼat va fanlar akademiyasiga saylangan[28]
  • 2005-yil Amerika falsafiy jamiyatiga saylangan[29]
  • 2007-yil Tomas Jefferson medali, Amerika falsafiy jamiyati[30]

Bibliografiyalari

Muallif sifatidagi
  • Falsafa va tabiat koʻzgusi. Prinston: Prinston universiteti nashriyoti, 1979-yil.
  • Pragmatizmning oqibatlari . Minneapolis: Minnesota universiteti matbuoti, 1982-yil.ISBN 978-0816610631
  • Favquloddalik, ironiya va birdamlik . Kembrij: Kembrij universiteti nashriyoti, 1989-yil.ISBN 978-0521353816ISBN 978-0521353816
  • Falsafiy maqolalar jildi. I-IV:
  • Ob’ektivlik, nisbiylik va haqiqat: falsafiy maqolalar I. Kembrij: Kembrij universiteti nashriyoti, 1991-yil.ISBN 978-0521353694ISBN 978-0521353694
  • Heidegger va boshqalar haqidagi insholar: falsafiy maqolalar II . Kembrij: Kembrij universiteti nashriyoti, 1991-yil.
  • Haqiqat va taraqqiyot: falsafiy maqolalar III . Kembrij: Kembrij universiteti nashriyoti, 1998-yil.
  • Falsafa madaniyat siyosati sifatida: falsafiy maqolalar IV . Kembrij: Kembrij universiteti nashriyoti, 2007-yil.
  • Aql, til va metafalsafa: ilk falsafiy maqolalar Eds. S. Lich va J. Tartalya. Kembrij: Kembrij universiteti nashriyoti, 2014.ISBN 978-1107612297ISBN 978-1107612297 .
  • Mamlakatimizga erishish : XX asr Amerikasida soʻlchi fikr . Kembrij, MA: Garvard universiteti nashriyoti, 1998 yil.ISBN 978-0674003118ISBN 978-0674003118
  • Falsafa va ijtimoiy umid . Nyu-York: Pingvin, 2000-yil.
  • Bosslarga qarshi, oligarxiyalarga qarshi: Richard Rorti bilan suhbat . Chikago: Prickly Paradigm Press, 2002-yil.
  • Dinning kelajagi Janni Vattimo bilan Ed. Santyago Zabala. Nyu-York: Kolumbiya universiteti nashriyoti, 2005-yil.ISBN 978-0231134941ISBN 978-0231134941
  • Bugungi kun uchun axloq: falsafa va din oʻrtasida umumiy zamin topish . Nyu-York: Kolumbiya universiteti nashriyoti, 2005-yil.ISBN 978-0231150569ISBN 978-0231150569
  • Paskal Engel bilan haqiqatdan nima foyda, tarjima. Uilyam MakKuayg, Nyu-York: Kolumbiya universiteti nashriyoti, 2007-yil.ISBN 9780231140140
  • Falsafa va faylasuflar haqida: nashr etilmagan maqolalar 1960-2000, Ed. WP Małecki va Chris Vopa tomonidan, CUPress 2020ISBN 9781108488457
  • Pragmatizm anti-avtoritarizm sifatida, Ed. E. Mendieta, soʻzboshi Robert B. Brandom, Garvard UP 2021-yil,ISBN 9780674248915
Muharrir sifatidagi
  • Lingvistik burilish, Falsafiy usulda insholar, (1967), ed. Richard M. Rorti, Chikago universiteti matbuoti, 1992,ISBN 978-0226725697 (kirish va ikkita retrospektiv insho)
  • Tarixda falsafa . ed. R. Rorty, JB Schneewind va Kventin Skinner tomonidan, Kembrij: Kembrij universiteti nashriyoti, 1985 (R. Rortining inshosi, „Falsafa tarixshunosligi“, pp. (29-76)

Adabiyotlar

  • Ulf Shulenberg, Romantizm va pragmatizm: Richard Rorti va sheʼriylashtirilgan madaniyat gʻoyasi, 2015-yil
  • Marianne Janak, Tajriba deganda nimani nazarda tutamiz, 2012-yil
  • Marianne Janak, muharrir, Richard Rortining feministik talqinlari, 2010-yil
  • Jeyms Tartaglia, Richard Rorti: tanqidiy baholashlar, 4 jild, 2009-yil
  • Nil Gross, Richard Rorti: Amerika faylasufining yaratilishi, 2008-yil
  • Gross, Nil. 2019. Richard Rorti: Amerika faylasufining yaratilishi. Chikago universiteti matbuoti.
  • Rortining qayta tavsiflash siyosati / Gideon Kalder, 2007-yil
  • Rorti va tabiat koʻzgusi / Jeyms Tartaglia, 2007-yil
  • Richard Rorti: Pragmatizm va siyosiy liberalizm / Maykl Bekon, 2007-yil
  • Richard Rorti: siyosat va qarash / Kristofer Voparil, 2006-yil
  • Richard Rorti: uning falsafasi muhokama qilinmoqda / Andreas Viet, 2005-yil
  • Richard Rorti / Charlz B Guignon., 2003-yil
  • Rorty / Gideon Kalder, 2003-yil
  • Richard Rortining Amerika eʼtiqodi / Taub, Gad Shmuel, 2003-yil
  • Axloqiy ironist: Kierkegaard, Rorty va taʼlim izlanishlari / Rorer, Patrisiya Jan, 2003-yil
  • Falsafani individuallashtirish usuli sifatida qilish: Rorti va Kavellni oʻqish / Kvak, Duck-Ju, 2003-yil
  • Richard Rorty / Alan R Malachowski, 2002-yil
  • Richard Rorti: tanqidiy dialoglar / Metyu Festenshteyn, 2001-yil
  • Richard Rorti: taʼlim, falsafa va siyosat / Maykl Peters, 2001-yil
  • Rorty va uning tanqidchilari / Robert Brandom, 2000-yil
  • Rorty haqida / Richard Rumana, 2000-yil
  • Falsafa va erkinlik: Derrida, Rorti, Habermas, Fuko / Jon Makkamber, 2000-yil
  • Pragmatistning taraqqiyoti?: Richard Rorti va Amerika intellektual tarixi / Jon Pettegrew, 2000-yil

Manbalar

  1. Robert Brandom summarizes Rorty’s anti-representationalism like so: „In a nutshell, this is how I think Rorty’s critique of semantic representationalism goes: Normative relations are exclusively intravocabulary. Extravocabulary relations are exclusively causal. Representation purports to be both a normative relation, supporting assessments of correctness and incorrectness, and a relation between representings within a vocabulary and representeds outside of that vocabulary. Therefore, the representational model of the relation of vocabularies to their environment should be rejected.“ Brandom, Robert. [[[:Andoza:GBurl]] Vocabularies of Pragmatism: Synthesizing Naturalism and Historicism. (In: Rorty and His Critics)] — 160-bet. ISBN 0-631-20981-6. OCLC 43109795. 
  2. Rorty distinguished between knowledge-that and knowledge-how; only language users can have knowledge-that (epistemically valid knowledge) while all life forms, including bacteria and virus, can have „knowledge-how“ (know-how). Rorty, Richard. [[[:Andoza:GBurl]] Response to Barry Allen. (In: Rorty and His Critics)] — 238-239-bet. ISBN 0-631-20981-6. OCLC 43109795. 
  3. Rorty, Richard. [[[:Andoza:GBurl]] Consequences of pragmatism: Essays, 1972-1980], 1982 — 158-bet. ISBN 0-8166-1064-9. OCLC 8222790. 
  4. Rorty, Richard. [[[:Andoza:GBurl]] Contingency, irony, and solidarity], 1989 — 6, 21-bet. ISBN 0-521-35381-5. OCLC 18290785. „The world can, once we have programmed ourselves with a language, cause us to hold beliefs. But it cannot propose a language for us to speak. Only other human beings can do that. […] [S]ince truth is a property of sentences, since sentences are dependent for their existence upon vocabularies, and since vocabularies are made by human beings, so are truths.“ 
  5. „Richard Rorty: The Making of an American Philosopher“. press.uchicago.edu (1931-yil 4-oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2012-yil 26-sentyabr.
  6. Bernstein, Adam. „Richard Rorty, 75; Leading U.S. Pragmatist Philosopher“. washingtonpost.com (2007-yil 11-iyun). Qaraldi: 2012-yil 26-sentyabr.
  7. Bruce Kuklick. „Neil Gross, Richard Rorty: The Making of an American Philosopher.“ Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 47.1 (2011):36.
  8. Marchetti, Giancarlo. „Interview with Richard Rorty.“ Philosophy Now Volume 43, Oct.-Nov. 2003.
  9. Ryerson, James. „The Quest for Uncertainty: Richard Rorty’s Pragmatic Pilgrimage“ Linguafranca Vol. 10, No. 9. December 2000/January 2001.
  10. „Richard Rorty, distinguished public intellectual and controversial philosopher, dead at 75“ (Wayback Machine saytida 2010-03-16 sanasida arxivlangan) (Stanford’s announcement), June 10, 2007
  11. 11,0 11,1 Ramberg, Bjørn. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Zalta: . Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, August 1, 2009. 
  12. 12,0 12,1 12,2 „Richard Rorty, Philosopher, Dies at 75“ (NY Times Obituary), June 11, 2007
  13. „Walker Percy“. Walker Percy From Pen to Print. UNC-Chapel Hill Libraries. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 7-may.
  14. 14,0 14,1 „Walker Percy, Is Dead at 74; A Novelist of the New South“. The New York Times. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 7-may.
  15. Jessica Hooten Wilson. Reading Walker Percy's Novels. LSU Press, 18 May 2018 — 11-bet. ISBN 978-0-8071-6878-3. 
  16. Hanley, Lorene Duquin. A Century of Catholic Converts. Our Sunday Visitor, 2003. 151-53. Print.
  17. 17,0 17,1 Jessica Hooten Wilson. Reading Walker Percy's Novels. LSU Press, 18 May 2018 — 12-bet. ISBN 978-0-8071-6878-3. 
  18. Paul Elie. The Life You Save May Be Your Own: An American Pilgrimage. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 10 March 2004 — 141-bet. ISBN 978-0-374-52921-5. 
  19. Bertram Wyatt-Brown. The House of Percy: Honor, Melancholy, and Imagination in a Southern Family. Oxford University Press, 31 October 1996 — 304-bet. ISBN 978-0-19-510982-5. 
  20. William Rodney Allen. Walker Percy. Univ. Press of Mississippi, 1986 — 15-bet. ISBN 978-1-61703-535-7. 
  21. Bertram Wyatt-Brown. The House of Percy: Honor, Melancholy, and Imagination in a Southern Family. Oxford University Press, 31 October 1996 — 303-bet. ISBN 978-0-19-510982-5. 
  22. Shelby Foote. The Correspondence of Shelby Foote and Walker Percy. W. W. Norton, Incorporated, May 1998 — 301-bet. ISBN 978-0-393-31768-8. 
  23. Shelby Foote. The Correspondence of Shelby Foote and Walker Percy. W. W. Norton, Incorporated, May 1998 — 302-bet. ISBN 978-0-393-31768-8. 
  24. Peter Augustine Lawler. A Political Companion to Walker Percy. University Press of Kentucky, 19 July 2013 — 27-bet. ISBN 978-0-8131-4189-3. 
  25. „Walker Percy and Suicide“. Intercollegiate Studies Institute (2014-yil 8-oktyabr).
  26. Mattix. „Whither Walker Percy?“. First Things. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 7-may.
  27. „Richard M. Rorty“. www.gf.org. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 2-sentyabr.
  28. „Richard McKay Rorty“. www.amacad.org. American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 2-sentyabr.
  29. „APS Member History“. search.amphilsoc.org. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 8-iyun.
  30. „2007 Thomas Jefferson Medal“. American Philosophical Society. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 2-sentyabr.

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2005 book by Brian Jacques The Redwall Cookbook US Paperback CoverAuthorBrian JacquesIllustratorChristopher DeniseCover artistChristopher DeniseCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishSeriesRedwallGenreCookbook FantasyPublisherPhilomel (US)Publication date2005Media typePrint (Paperback)Pages96 (US Paperback)ISBN0-399-23791-7 (US Paperback)OCLC57641411Dewey Decimal641.5 22LC ClassTX652.5 .J36 2005 Children's literature portal The Redwall Cookbook is a cookbook based on food from the ...

LSAT question type For the game type, see Logic puzzle Diagram of the basic linear question presented below. Logic games, abbreviated LG, and officially referred to as analytical reasoning, is one of three types of sections that appear on the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). A logic games section contains four 5-8 question games, totaling 22-25 questions. Each game contains a scenario and a set of rules that govern the scenario, followed by questions that test the test-taker's ability to und...

 

This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. Please review the contents of the article and add the appropriate references if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Neuroconstructivism – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2013) Neuroconstructivism is a theory that states that phylogenetic developmental processes such as...

 

Temporary administrative unit in GeorgiaUpper Abkhazia ზემო აფხაზეთიTemporary administrative unitCountry GeorgiaCapitalKvemo AzharaGovernment • GovernorMevlud Jachvliani[1]Area • Total2,540 km2 (980 sq mi)Population • Total2,000 • Density0.79/km2 (2.0/sq mi) Upper Kodori Gorge and its settlements Upper Abkhazia (Georgian: ზემო აფხაზეთი, romanized: Zemo Apxazeti;...

French political allegiance This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Burgundian party – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (December 2019...

 

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Swaroopam – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1992 Indian filmSwaroopamDirected byK. R. MohananWritten byK. R. MohananStarringSreenivasanSandhya RajendranV. K. SriramanRelease date1992C...

 

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