Consonants
| IPA
|
Orthography
|
English approximation
|
| [[|b]] |
b |
bat
|
| [[|c]] |
q |
Roughly like RP Tuesday[حوالہ درکار]
|
| [[|d]] |
d |
debt
|
| [[|dz]] |
x |
goods
|
| [[|dʒ]] |
xh |
jet
|
| [[|ð]] |
dh |
then
|
| [[|f]] |
f |
far
|
| [[|ɡ]] |
g |
go
|
| [[|h]] |
h |
hat
|
| [[|j]] |
j |
yes
|
| [[|ɟ]] |
gj |
Roughly like RP due[حوالہ درکار]
|
| [[|k]] |
k |
car
|
| [[|l]] |
l |
lean
|
| [[|ɫ]] |
ll |
wool
|
| [[|m]] |
m |
man
|
| [[|n]] |
n |
not
|
| [[|ɲ]] |
nj |
onion
|
| [[|ŋ]] |
ng |
bang
|
| [[|p]] |
p |
pen
|
| [[|r]] |
rr |
rolled r [1]
|
| [[|ɾ]] |
r |
butter (American English) [1]
|
| [[|s]] |
s |
son
|
| [[|ʃ]] |
sh |
show
|
| [[|t]] |
t |
tan
|
| [[|ts]] |
c |
hats
|
| [[|tʃ]] |
ç[2] |
chin
|
| [[|v]] |
v |
van
|
| [[|z]] |
z |
zip
|
| [[|ʒ]] |
zh |
vision
|
| [[|θ]] |
th |
thin
|
Vowels
| IPA
|
Written as
|
English approximation
|
| [[|a]] |
a |
father
|
| [[|ɛ]] |
e |
bed
|
| [[|ə]] |
ë |
about, thug
|
| [[|i]] |
i |
seed
|
| [[|ɔ]] |
o |
law
|
| [[|u]] |
u |
boot
|
| [[|y]] |
y |
Similar to [i] made with rounded lips
|
Notes
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- ^ ا ب The contrast between flapped r and trilled rr is the same as in Spanish. English does not have either of the two sounds phonemically.
- ↑ The letter ç is sometimes written ch due to technical limitations because of its use in English sound and its analogy to the other digraphs xh, sh, and zh. Usually it is written simply c or more rarely q with context resolving any ambiguities.
