Джати

Джати
Самоназваजाट جاٹ ਜੱਟ
Кількість82,5 мільйони[1]
АреалІндія Індія • Пакистан Пакистан • Європа Європа • США США • Канада Канада • Австралія Австралія • Велика Британія Велика Британія
Близькі доІндоарійці • Індоскіфи • Індоіранці
МоваПенджабська • Урду • Гінді • Англійська
РелігіяСикхізм, індуїзм і іслам

Джат (гінді जाट, пенджаб. ਜੱਟ جٹ, урду جاٹ) — етнічна група в Індії[2]. Проживають, в основному, у Пенджабі, Хар'яні, Раджастхані й Уттар-Прадеш, а також у низці міжнародних іммігрантських діаспор[3][4][5]. Джати мають культурну історію, яку можна простежити від стародавніх часів[5][6].

Історія

На початку нашої ери племена пращурів джатів заселяли західні райони Пенджабу. Пізніше розселились у Північній Індії, склавши етнічну основу пенджабців. Джати були в основному землеробами та військовиками. Від 1699 року, маючи успіхи у боротьбі з Великими Моголами, джати-сикхи створили сильну державу у Пенджабі, захоплену англійськими колонізаторами 1849 року. Після 1710 року відзначалась масова міграція джатів-не-сикхів до районів на південь і схід від Делі[7], де вони також успішно протистояли експансії Великих Моголів. 1761 року джати з князівства Бхаратпур відвоювали у моголів Агру й на 13 років закріпились у її Червоному форті. Утім поступово джати, як і інші народи Індії, підкорились британцям.

Примітки

  1. ↑ Saubhadra Chatterji. Government turns focus on Jat quota [Архівовано 12 березня 2013 у Wayback Machine.] // Hindustan Times, 14 January 2012
  2. ↑ B. S. Dhillon (1994). History and study of the Jatts. Beta Publishers. ISBN 1895603021.
  3. ↑ Hukum Singh Pawar (Pauria). The Jatts — Their Origin, Antiquity and Migration. 1993, ISBN 81-85253-22-8
  4. ↑ Surjit Mansingh. Historical Dictionary of India, Vision Books, 1998, pp. 203—204. ISBN 81-7094-309-4
  5. ↑ а б Herbert Risley. The People of India
  6. ↑ History of Medieval India — Vaidya
  7. ↑ Bayly, C. A. (1988). Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770–1870. CUP Archive. с. 22. ISBN 978-0-521-31054-3. Архів оригіналу за 1 червня 2019. Процитовано 11 травня 2017.

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