Veli Kalesi

Veli Kalesi
Harita
Genel bilgiler
TürKale
KonumSevimli, Hanak
Koordinatlar41°09′22″K 42°58′45″D / 41.15611°K 42.97917°D / 41.15611; 42.97917
Tamamlanma?
Kilisesi 954 tarihli
Teknik ayrıntılar
Yapı sistemiYığma taş

Veli Kalesi (Gürcüce: ველისციხე), tarihsel Artani bölgesinde, günümüzde Ardahan ilinin Hanak ilçesine bağlı ve eski adı Veli olan Sevimli köyünde Orta Çağ'da Gürcülerden kalma bir kaledir. Veli köyünün adının Sevimli olarak değiştirilmesinden sonra Sevimli Kalesi olarak da adlandırılmıştır.

Tarihçe

Veli Kalesi'nin bulunduğu Artani bölgesi, Orta Çağ'da Gürcistan'ı oluşturan bölgelerden biriydi. Kalenin Gürcüce Velistsihe (ველისციხე) adı, Gürcücede düzlük anlamına gelen "veli" (ველი) ile ve kale anlamına gelen "tsihe" (ციხე) kelimelerinde oluşur. Veli Kalesi, Mgeltsihe ile Kacistsihe’yle birlikte Orta Çağ'da Samtshe-Saatabago ülkesinde önemli bir işleve sahipti. Kale 1578’de, Samtshe-Saatabago devletini yenilgiye uğratan Osmanlıların eline geçti.[1] Uzun süre Osmanlı egemenliğinde kalan kaleyi 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı’nda Ruslar ele geçirdi. Ancak Osmanlı döneminde bir işlevi kalmadığı için kale belli oranda tahrip olmuştu. Rusya yönetimi altındayken I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Ardahan’ı gezen Gürcü araştırmacı Konstantine Martvileli Veli Kalesi ile Rabat’taki Kacistsihe'yi kıyaslamış ve Veli Kalesi’nin bu kaleden daha büyük olduğunu yazmıştır.[2] Bugün büyük oranda yıkık olan kale muhtemelen daha geç dönende tahrip olmuştur.

Mimari

Veli Kalesi, köyün merkezinin 600 metre güneybatısında, Kura Nehri vadisinde, ırmağın sol kıyısında bir tepede yer alır. Kalenin üzerinde bulunduğu tepe yarım ada şeklindedir ve Kura Nehri tepenin üç tarafını dolanarak akar. Bu durum kaleyi daha korunaklı hale getirmiştir. Büyükçe bir kale (170 × 150 m) olan Veli Kalesi’nin eski çağlarda var olan bir kentin kalesi olduğu kalıntılardan anlaşılmaktadır. Bu kentten geriye megalit yapı kalıntıları ve duvar parçaları kalmıştır. Orta Çağ'da aynı yerde yeni bir kale inşa edilmiş ve eski kalenin taşları yeni kalede kullanmışlardır. Veli Kalesi içinde yer alan Veli Kalesi Kilisesi 954 yılında inşa edilmiştir.[3]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Defter-i Mufassal-i Vilayet-i Gürcistan (Gürcüce ve Osmanlıca), (Yayıma hazırlayan) Sergi Cikia, Tiflis, 1941-1958, 3 cilt; 3. Cilt, s. 531". 27 Nisan 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 4 Eylül 2024. 
  2. ^ "Konstantine Martvileli, "Ardahan Bölgesinde" (არტაანის მხარეში), Sakartvelo gazetesi, 3 Ekim 1917, sayı. 216". 25 Haziran 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 4 Eylül 2024. 
  3. ^ Tao-Klarceti - Tarihsel ve Kültürel Anıtlar - Katalog (ტაო-კლარჯეთი - ისტორიისა და კულტურის ძეგლები - კატალოგი), (Editör) Buba Kudava, (Yazarlar) Nestan Bagauri, Zurab Batiaşvili, İrma Beridze, Buba Kudava, Nikoloz Jğenti, Goça Saitidze, Natia Hizanişvili, Tiflis, 2018, s. 193, 371, ISBN 978-9941-478-17-8.

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