Vasili Dokuçayev

Vasili V. Dokuçayev
V. Dokuçayev (Saint Petersburg, 1888)
Doğum1 Mart 1846(1846-03-01)
Smolensk Guberniyası, Rus İmparatorluğu
Ölüm18 Kasım 1903 (57 yaşında)
Sankt-Peterburg, Rus İmparatorluğu
MilliyetRus
Kariyeri
DalıCoğrafya, Jeoloji, Toprak bilimi
Çalıştığı kurumlarSaint Petersburg Üniversitesi
EtkiledikleriVladimir Vernadskiy
İmza
Dokuçayev'in soil-formation factors
V. Dokuçayev, 1898

Vasili Vasilyeviç Dokuçayev (RusçaВаси́лий Васи́льевич Докуча́ев) (1 Mart 1846, Milyukovo, Smolensk Guberniyası – 8 Kasım 1903, Sankt-Peterburg) Toprak biliminin temellerini atmış Rus Jeolog ve coğrafyacı.

Genel bakış

Vasili Vasilyeviç Dokuçayev, doğal ortamda toprakların üzerinde çalışan Toprak biliminin babası olarak kabul edilir. Rusya'da toprak bilimi geliştirdi ve belki de farklı toprak türlerine ilişkin geniş coğrafi araştırmalar yapan ilk kişi oldu. Bilime yaptığı büyük katkı, mecazi olarak "toprakları haritaya koymak" idi.

Toprak türünün coğrafi çeşitliliğinin sadece jeolojik faktörlere (ana materyal) değil aynı zamanda iklimsel ve topoğrafik faktörlere ve pedogenesisin (zemin oluşumunun) çalışması için uygun zamana bağlı olarak açıklanabileceği fikrini ortaya attı. Bu fikirleri temel alarak ilk toprak sınıflandırmasını yarattı. Onun fikirleri Hans Jenny'nin de aralarında bulunduğu birkaç toprak bilimcisi tarafından hızla sahiplenildi.

Toprak biliminde çalıştı ve toprak oluşumu için beş faktörü tanımlayan bir sınıflandırma şeması geliştirdi. 1883'te Rus topraklarında kapsamlı saha çalışmaları yapıldıktan sonra teorisine ulaştı. En ünlü eseri Russian Chernozem'tir (1883). Dokuchaev'in eserleri sayesinde bir dizi Rus toprak terimi uluslararası toprak bilimi sözlüğünde (çernezyom, podzol, gleysol, solonetz) bulunmaktadır. Mars'ta bir krater onun adı verilmiştir ve Toprak Bilimi alanındaki Nobel Ödülünün eşdeğeri olan Dokuçayev Ödülü, Uluslararası Toprak Bilimleri Birliği tarafından oluşturuldu.

Alıntı

Toprak bilimin doğal bir bilim olarak bilimsel temeli, Dokuçayev'in klasik eserleri tarafından kurulmuştur. Daha önce toprak, bitkilerin besleyici mineral elementleri türettiği ölü bir substrat olan kayaçların fizikokimyasal dönüşümlerinin bir ürünü olarak düşünülmüştü. Zemin ve ana kayalık eşitti.
Dokuçayev, toprağı kendi oluşumuna ve kendi gelişim tarihine sahip olan doğal bir beden olarak görür; bu süreç içerisinde içinde karmaşık ve çok yönlü süreçler içeren bir vücuda sahiptir. Toprak kayadan farklı olarak kabul edilir. Bunlar, bir dizi toprak oluşum faktörü (iklim, bitki örtüsü, ana materyal, kabartma ve yaş) etkisi altında toprağa dönüşür. Ona göre, toprağın türüne bakılmaksızın kayaların "günlük" ya da dış ufukları olarak adlandırılması gerekir; su, hava ve çeşitli canlı ve ölü organizmaların ortak etkisiyle doğal olarak değişirler.[1]

Yazdığı çalışmalar

Dokuçayev, 1869-1901 yılları arası, 61 kitap ve 4 harita dahil olmak üzere 285 çalışma yayınlamıştır.[2]

Yayınların listesi (Rus dilinden farklı)
  • Dokoutchaief B. 1879. Tchernozème (terre noire) de la Russie d'Europe. St.-Ptb.: Soc. imp. libre économ. 66 p. (C.R. Soc. imp. libre économ. T. 4).
  • Inostrantzev A., Schmidt Th., Moeller V., Karpinsky A., Dokoutchaief B. et al. 1882. Rapport de la Sous-commission russe sur l’uniformité de la nomenclature géologique // Congrès géologique international. 2-me session. Bologne. 1881: Compte rendu. Bologne: Fava et Garagnani. P. 529-534.
  • Dokoutchaief B. B. 1892. Les steppes russes autrefois et aujurd’hui // Congrès international d'archéologie, préhistorique et d'antroppologie. 11 ses. Moscou. 1892. T. 1. Мoscou: impr. universite, T. 1. P. 197-240; Our Steppes Before and Nowadays. St.-Ptb.: Dept. Agriculture Ministry of Crown Domains for the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago, 1893. 62 p.
  • Dokoutchaief B. B. 1892. Notes sur l’étude scientifique du sol en Russie au point de vue de l’agronomie et de la cartographie agricole // Bull. Soc. Belge géol., paleontol., hydrol. 1891/1892. Vol. 4. P. 113-115.
  • Dokouchaev V. V. 1893. Notes sur le loess // Bull. Soc. Belge géol., paleontol., hydrol. 1892/1893. Vol. 6. P. 92-101.
  • Dokouchaev V. V. Sibirtzev N. M. 1893. Short scientific review of professor Dockuchaev’s and his pupil’s collection of soils, exposed in Chicago in the year 1893. St.-Ptb.: impr. Evdokimov. 40 p.
  • Dokoutchaief B. B. 1895. Le Court contenu des Travaux de l’expédition, équipée par Departement forestier sous la direction prof. Dokoutschaeff. St.-Ptb.: impr. Evdokimov. 28 p.
  • Docoutschaev V. V. 1897. Collection des sols du professeur Docoutschaev et de ses eleves, exposee au Musee mineralogique de l’Universite a St-Petersbourg: [7 cong. géol. int.]. St.-Ptb.: impr. Evdokimov 17 p.
  • Dokoutschaeff В. B. 1900. Collection pédologique: Zones verticales des sols. Zones agricoles. Sols du Caucase. St.-Ptb.: Ministére des finances. 56 p. : сarte.
Çeviriler
  • Dokuchaev, V. V. Russian Chernozem (1883) // Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd. (for USDA-NSF), S. Monson, Jerusalem, 1967. (Translated from Russian into English by N. Kaner).

Ayrıca bakınız

Vasili Dokuçayev ve Alexander Sovetov öğrencilerle

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Krasilnikov, N.A. 1958. Soil Microorganisms and Higher Plants". 9 Şubat 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 Eylül 2017. 
  2. ^ Vtorov I. P. The role of geology in the development of soil science: from Lomonosov to Dokuchaev // 39th INHIGEO Symposium (6-10 Jul. 2014): Аbstracts. Pacific Grove: INHIGEO, 2014. P. 6.

Kaynakça

  • Berg, L. S. 1937. V.V. Dokuchaev as a Geographer. Pochvovedenie No. 2. (in Russian)
  • Boulaine, J. 1984. Le Countrepoint et le Cortege de Dokuchaev: Quelques Contemporains du Fondateur de la Pedologie Genetique. Pedologie 34: 5-22.
  • Cheborareva, L. A. 1961. Vasilii Vasilevich Dokuchaev (1846-1903): A Biographical Sketch. In V.V. Dokuchaev. Sochineniya. Izd-vo AN SSSR, Moscow. (in Russian)
  • Dimo, N.A. 1946. V. V. Dokuchaev - Organizer of Higher Schools. Pochvovedenie No. 6. (in Russian)
  • Dobrovol'ski, G. V. 1983. The Role of V.V. Dokuchaev's "Russian Chernozem" in the Formation and Development of Soil Science. Moscow State University Soil Science Bulletin 38: 3-8.
  • Egorov, V. V. 1979. Reflection and Development of Some Ideas of V.V. Dokuchaev in Modern Soil Science. Vestnik MGU, ser. 17, Pochvovedenie, No. 2. (in Russian)
  • Esakov V. A. Dokuchaiev Vasily Vasilievich // Dictionary of scientific biography. Vol. 4. N.Y.: Chsrles Scribner’s Sons. 1971. P. 143-146.
  • Gerasimov, I. P. 1946. V.V. Dokuchaev's Doctrine of Natural Zones. Pochvovedenie 6: 353-360.
  • Glinka, K. D. 1927. Dokuchaiev's Ideas in the Development of Pedology and the Cognate Sciences. Russian Pedological Investigations No. 1, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad.
  • Glinka K. D. Dokuchaiev’s ideas in the development of pedology and cognate sciences. Leningrad: Acad. Sci. USSR. 1927. 32 p. (Russian pedological investigations. Vol. 1.)
  • Gregoryev, A. A., and I. P. Gerasimov (eds). 1946. V.V. Dokuchaev and Geography. Academy of Science, Moscow.
  • Krupenikov, I. A., and L. A. Krupenikov. 1947. The Eminent Russian Scientist V.V. Dokuchaev, Father of Modern Soil Science. Sofia (in Czech)
  • Krupenikov, I. A., and L. A. Krupenikov. 1948. Vasilii Vasilevich Dokuchaev. Molodaya Gvardiya, Moscow. (in Russian)
  • Margulіs H. Aux sources de la pédologie (Dokoutchaïev-Sibirtzev). Toulouse, 1954. 85 p. (Ann. École nationale supérieure agronomique. T. 2).
  • Moon, David (Aralık 2005). "The Environmental History of the Russian Steppes: Vasilii Dokuchaev and the Harvest Failure of 1891". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. Cilt 15. ss. 149-174. doi:10.1017/S0080440105000320. ISSN 0080-4401. 
  • Ototskii, P. V. 1903. Life of V. V. Dokuchaev. Pochvovedenie, No. 4. (in Russian)
  • Polynov, B. B., I. A. Krupenikov, and L.A. Krupenikov. 1956. Vasilii Vasil'evich Dokuchaev: Notes on His Life and Work. Izd-vo AN SSSR, Moscow-Leningrad. (in Russian)
  • Prasolov, L. I. 1946. Dokuchaev - His Life and Work. Pochvovedenie, No. 6. (in Russian)
  • Prasolov, L. I. 1947. V.V. Dokuchaev - The Founder of Contemporary Scientific Pedology. Pochvovedenie No. 2: 73-81.
  • Simonson, R. W. 1997b. Early Teaching in USA of Dokuchaiev Factors of Soil Formation. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61(1): 11-16.
  • Sobolev, S. S. 1949. Main Landmarks in the Creativity of V.V. Dokuchaev. In Dokuchaev, V.V. Izbr. Trudy. Izd-vo AN SSSR, Moscow. (in Russian)
  • Sokolov, A. V. 1946. The Role of the Plant in the Soil Doctrine of V. Dokuchaev. Pochvovedenie No 6: 366-373.
  • Vilenski, D. G. 1946. The Role and Importance of Dokuchaev in Soil Science. Pochvovedenie No. 6: 343-352.
  • Yakovleva, L. A. 1958. Problem of Philosophical Evaluation of Some Aspects of V.V. Dokuchaev's Ideas About Soil. Vopr. Filosofii, No. 9. (in Russian)
  • Yarilov, A. A. 1946. Dokuchaev and His Doctrine. Pochvovedenie No. 6: 374-376.
  • Yarilov, A. A. 1946. V.V. Dokuchaev and C.R. Marbut. Pochvovedenie, No. 1. (in Russian)
  • Zakharov, S. A. 1939. Last Years of V.V. Dokuchaev's Activity. Pochvovedenie, No. 1. (in Russian)
  • Zakharov, S. A. 1946. Dokuchaev as the Founder and Organizer of the New Science of Genetic Soil Science. Pochvovekenie No. 6: 361-365.
  • Zavalishin, A. A. 1958. Dokuchaev's Doctrine of Soil Forming Factors as a Basis of the Comparative Geographical Method of Soil Investigation. Pochvovedenie No. 9: 39-47.
  • Zavaritskii, V. N. 1953. The Scientific-Organizational and Social Activity of V.V. Dokuchaev. In V.V. Dokuchaev, Sochineniya. Izd-vo AN SSSR, Moscow, Vol. VIII. (in Russian)
  • Zonn, S. V. 1979. Dokuchaev and Contemporary Issues in Soil Science. Pochvovedenie, No. 9. (in Russian)

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