Taşıma proteini

Sodyum-potasyum pompası mekanizmasının şematik açıklaması. Soldan sağa doğru dört ardışık adım gösterilmiştir. (1) Üç sodyum iyonu hücrenin iç tarafındaki taşıyıcıya girer. (2) Taşıyıcıya ATP'den fosforlanmış bir grup eklenir. Bu, taşıyıcının içeride kapanmasına ve dışarıda açılmasına neden olur. Sodyum iyonları daha sonra dışarıya çıkar. (3) İki potasyum iyonu taşıyıcıya dışarıdan girer. (4) Hem potasyum iyonları hem de fosforlanmış grup onu terk ederken taşıyıcı içeriye doğru açılır.

Bir taşıma proteini (çeşitli şekillerde transmembran pompa, taşıyıcı, eskort protein, asit taşıma proteini, katyon taşıma proteini veya anyon taşıma proteini olarak adlandırılır), bir organizma içinde diğer materyalleri taşıma işlevi gören bir proteindir. Taşıma proteinleri tüm canlıların büyümesi ve yaşamı için hayati önem taşır. Birkaç farklı türde taşıma proteini vardır.

Taşıyıcı proteinler, iyonların, küçük moleküllerin veya başka bir protein gibi makromoleküllerin biyolojik bir zar boyunca hareketine katılan proteinlerdir.[1] Taşıyıcı proteinler integral zar proteinleridir; yani, maddeleri taşıdıkları zarın içinde bulunurlar ve bu membrana yayılırlar.

Proteinler, kolaylaştırılmış difüzyon (yani pasif taşıma) veya aktif taşıma yoluyla maddelerin hareketine yardımcı olabilir. Bu hareket mekanizmaları taşıyıcı-aracılı taşıma olarak bilinir.[2] Her bir taşıyıcı protein sadece bir maddeyi veya çok benzer maddelerden oluşan bir grubu tanımak üzere tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmalar, potasyum, kalsiyum ve sodyum kanallarının memelilerde ve bitkilerde oksijen sensörleri olarak işlev görebileceğini[3][4] ve belirli taşıyıcı proteinlerdeki kusurları belirli hastalıklarla ilişkilendirdiğini göstermektedir.[5]

Bir zar taşıma proteini (veya sadece taşıyıcı), böyle bir taşıyıcı olarak işlev gören bir zar proteinidir.[6]

Bir veziküler taşıma proteini, transmembran veya zarla ilişkili bir proteindir. Hücre içeriğinin veziküller tarafından hareketini düzenler veya kolaylaştırır.[7]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Sadava, David, et al. Life, the Science of Biology, 9th Edition. Macmillan Publishers, 2009. 1-4292-1962-9. pg 119.
  2. ^ Thompson, Liz A. Passing the North Carolina End of Course Test for Biology. American Book Company, Inc. 2007. 1-59807-139-4. pg. 97.
  3. ^ Kemp, Paul J.; Peers, Chris (10 Ağustos 2007). "Oxygen sensing by ion channels". Essays in Biochemistry. Cilt 43. ss. 77-90. doi:10.1042/bse0430077. 
  4. ^ Huang, Xin; Shabala, Lana; Zhang, Xuechen; Zhou, Meixue; Voesenek, Laurentius A C J; Hartman, Sjon; Yu, Min; Shabala, Sergey (27 Ocak 2022). "Cation transporters in cell fate determination and plant adaptive responses to a low-oxygen environment". Journal of Experimental Botany. 73 (3). ss. 636-645. doi:10.1093/jxb/erab480. 
  5. ^ Sadava, David, Et al. Life, the Science of Biology, 9th Edition. Macmillan Publishers, 2009. 1-4292-1962-9. pg 119.
  6. ^ Medical Subject Headings Membrane+transport+proteins
  7. ^ Medical Subject Headings Vesicular+Transport+Proteins

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