Mir (ödeme şeması)

Mir
EndüstriFinansal servisler
Kuruluş2015
Hizmet alanlarıRusya Federasyonu
Güney Osetya
Türkiye
Ermenistan
Kırgızistan
Küba
İran
ÜrünDebit kartlar
Kredi kartları
Ödeme sistemleri
Web sitesimironline.ru

Mir, Rusya Merkez Bankası tarafından 1 Mayıs 2017'de kabul edilen yasa ile kurulan bir ulusal ödeme sistemidir.[1] Şu anda çoğunlukla Aeroflot ve Rus Demiryolları gibi Rusya merkezli şirketler tarafından kabul edilmektedir, ancak Rus iştirakleri olan yabancı şirketler arasında yavaş yavaş kabul görmektedir.[2] Sistem, Rusya Ulusal Kart Ödeme Sistemi tarafından işletilmektedir ve Rusya Merkez Bankası'nın yüzde yüz iştirakidir.[3]

Sistem, 2016 yılında, birkaç Rus bankasının ABD merkezli Visa ve MasterCard tarafından onlara uygulanan yaptırımlar nedeniyle hizmetleri reddedilmesinin ardından potansiyel elektronik ödeme bloklarının üstesinden gelmenin bir yolu olarak tasarlandı.[4] Mir sisteminde çalışan ilk kartlar Aralık 2015'te piyasaya sürüldü.[5] Rusya'nın önde gelen bankası Sberbank tarafından da Ekim 2016'da kullanılmaya başlandı.[6] 2016 yılı sonunda 64 banka[7] tarafından 1.76 milyon Mir kartı çıkarıldı ve Kasım 2019'a kadar bu sayı 69.8 milyona yükseldi.[8]

Mir esas olarak Rus hükûmeti tarafından desteklenir ve tüm vergi ve emeklilik ödemelerinin 1 Mayıs 2017'de yürürlüğe giren mevzuatla Ocak 2018'e kadar sistem üzerinden uygulanmaya başlanmasını zorunlu tuttu.[9] Bankalar, daha yerleşik ödeme sistemlerine ait kartlara kıyasla maliyetlerinin daha yüksek olabileceğinden korktukları için Mir kartları kullanmak konusunda isteksizdi.[10][11][12]

Sistem ayrıca Güney Osetya'da[13] Türkiye'de[14] 2019'da piyasaya sürüldü[15]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Путин подписал закон об обязательном переводе бюджетников на карты "Мир"". Interfax.ru (Rusça). 1 Mayıs 2017. 11 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ağustos 2018. 
  2. ^ "AliExpress First Foreign Company to Accept Russia's Mir Payment Cards" (İngilizce). Moscow Times. 9 Haziran 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat 2017. 
  3. ^ "The Bank of Russia issues warning over Mir payment cards". Russia Beyond The Headlines. 17 Haziran 2016. 15 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat 2017. 
  4. ^ "McDonald's first U.S. business to accept Russia's new Mir payment card". UPI (İngilizce). 4 Şubat 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat 2017. 
  5. ^ "Seven Russian banks start issuing first cards of Mir payment system". www.thepaypers.com. 27 Mart 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat 2017. 
  6. ^ "Sberbank launches servicing of Mir payment cards". Russia Beyond The Headlines. 20 Eylül 2016. 17 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat 2017. 
  7. ^ "About 20 mln Mir cards may be issued next year in Russia". TASS (Rusça). 8 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat 2017. 
  8. ^ "Russia's national payment system MIR looks to expand to Europe". Банки.ру. 28 Kasım 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 10 Kasım 2018. 
  9. ^ "Top Russian Banks Lobby Against Forced Use of Kremlin's Mir Payment Card" (İngilizce). Moscow Times. 30 Aralık 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat 2017. 
  10. ^ News, East-West Digital (20 Haziran 2016). "National bank card MIR soon accepted ubiquitously in Russia in spite of security and financial challenges". East-West Digital News. 21 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat 2017. 
  11. ^ Колебакина, Дмитрий Катаргин, Елена. "«Карта «Мир» – это такая советская ситуация, когда «счастье» навязывается сверху...»". БИЗНЕС Online (Rusça). 4 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ağustos 2018. 
  12. ^ "Банки объяснили причины высокой стоимости национальной платежной карты". РБК. 16 Aralık 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ağustos 2018. 
  13. ^ "Карта «Мир» сблизила Южную Осетию с остальным миром". AlaniaInform (Rusça). 4 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Aralık 2018. 
  14. ^ "İş Bank first Turkish bank to accept Russian payment system MIR". 4 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Nisan 2019. 
  15. ^ "Visa, Mastercard suspend membership of Eurofinance Mosnarbank in payment systems due to sanctions - The World News Monitor - Business Information, Breaking News, Analysis". The World News Monitor (İngilizce). 13 Mart 2019. 5 Haziran 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 Haziran 2019. 

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