Kloral

Kloral
Adlandırmalar
IUPAC adı
trichloroethanal
Sistematik IUPAC adı
trikloroetanal
Diğer adlar
trikloroasetaldehit
Tanımlayıcılar
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.829 Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin
Özellikler
Kimyasal formül C2HCl3O
Molekül kütlesi 147,39 g mol−1
Görünüm renksiz yağımsı sıvı
Yoğunluk 1,404
Erime noktası -57,5 °C
Kaynama noktası 97,8 °C
Çözünürlük Kloroform, Etanol ve etil eterle karışır
Tehlikeler
GHS etiketleme sistemi:
Piktogramlar GHS06: ZehirliGHS07: Zararlı
İşaret sözcüğü Tehlike
Tehlike ifadeleri H301, H302, H315, H319, H335
Önlem ifadeleri P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501
Öldürücü doz veya konsantrasyon (LD, LC):
LD50 (medyan doz)
 480 mg/kg (sıçan, oral)
Aksi belirtilmediği sürece madde verileri, Standart sıcaklık ve basınç koşullarında belirtilir (25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Bilgi kutusu kaynakları

Kloral ya da trikloroasetaldehit C2HCl3O formülüne sahip bir halojenli aldehittir. Bu aldehit birçok çözücüde çözünürken su ile tepkimeye girip kloral hidratı oluşturur. Kloral, Asetaldehitin klorlandırılması ile üretilir. Kloral ilk olarak Alman kimyager Justus Von Liebig tarafından 1832'de sentezlenip isimlendirilmiştir. Liebig, etanolü klor gazı ile karıştırmıştır.[1]

Hidrat eğiliminin yanı sıra kloral, DDT sentezinde bir yapı taşı olarak dikkate değerdir. Bu amaçla kloral, katalitik miktarda sülfürik asit varlığında klorobenzen ile işlenir:

Cl3CCHO + 2 C6H5Cl → Cl3CCH(C6H4Cl)2 + H2O

Klorali sodyum hidroksit ile işlemek kloroform Cl3 CH ve sodyum format HCOONa verir:

Cl3CCHO + NaOH → Cl3CH + HCOONa

Kloral, trikloroetanole kolayca indirgenir.[2]

Kloral, kloral hidrat ile biyolojik olarak aynı özelliklere sahiptir, çünkü hızla hidratlanır.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Liebig, Justus (1832). "Ueber die Verbindungen, welche durch die Einwirkung des Chlors auf Alkohol, Aether, ölbildendes Gas und Essiggeist entstehen". Annalen der Pharmacie. 1 (2): 195-198 "Eigenschaften des Chlorals" [Properties of chloral]. doi:10.1002/jlac.18320010203. 21 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Mart 2023. 
  2. ^ Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 1 (İngilizce). Wiley. 15 Haziran 2000. doi:10.1002/14356007.a06_527.pub2. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4. 5 Mart 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Mayıs 2023. 

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