José Asunción Silva

José Asunción Silva
Doğum27 Kasım 1865(1865-11-27)
Bogotá
Ölüm23 Mayıs 1896 (30 yaşında)
Bogotá
MeslekŞair
Dilİspanyolca
MilliyetKolombiyalı
Dönem
Önemli eserNoktürn III

José Asunción Silva (José Asunción Salustiano Facundo Silva Gomez[1]) (27 Kasım 1865, Bogotá- 23 Mayıs 1896, Bogotá ), Kolombiyalı şair.

Latin Amerika edebiyatını derinden etkilemiş bir şairdir. Ölümünden sonra basılan Nocturno (Noktürn) başlıklı şiirlerinden üç numaralı olanı, en çok bilinen İspanyolca şiirlerdendir.[2] Şair, "Romantik Amerikalıların sonuncusu, sembolistlerin ilki" kabul edilir.[1]

Yaşamı

1865 yılında Bogotá'da doğdu. Babası, zengin bir tüccar idi. Dedesinin öldürülmesi, amcasının intiharı ve on yaşında iken beş kardeşinden üçünün ölümüne tanık olması nedeniyle mutsuz bir çocukluk geçirdi. İlk şiirini on yaşında iken yazdı.

On dokuz yaşında iken Paris'e gidip on bir ay kaldı. Yokluğunda babasının işleri ülkedeki iç savaş nedeniyle bozulmuştu. Ertesi sene babasını kaybetti ve kendisini ailesinin iflas etmekte olan işlerinin başında buldu. Bu dönemde çok az şiir yazdı. 1891'de kızkardeşi Elvira'nın ölümü onu derinden etkiledi ve Nocturno III adlı ünlü şiirini onun ölümü üzerine yazdı. Bu ve diğer şiirleri nedeniyle Nikaragualı Rubén Darío öncülüğündeki modernismos adlı şiir hareketinin öncüleri arasında kabul edilir.[2]

1892'de aile işi tamamen kapandı. Her şeye rağmen şiir yazmaya devam eden Silva, bir süre gazetecilik yaptı.[1] Ardından diplomatik bir görevle Caracas'a gitti.[3] Sadece birkaç ay kaldığı Caracas'ta "De sobremesa" adlı romanını yazmaya başladı. Dönüşte geçirdiği gemi kazasından sağ kurtulsa da romanını ve diğer çalışmalarını kaybetti. Venezuela'daki diplomatik görevine dönmeyip romanını yeniden yazmaya çalıştı. 23 Mayıs 1896'da kendisini, bir gece önce doktorundan tentürdiyotla yerini işaretlemesini istediği kalbinden vurarak intihar etti.[4]

Ölümünden 12 yıl sonra şiirleri bir araya getirilmiş ve Poesias adıyla kitaplaştırılmıştır. Evi 1986'da müzeye dönüştürülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b c "Biography of José Asunción Silva Gómez". thebiography.us/. Thebiography.us sitesi. 7 Kasım 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Kasım 2017. 
  2. ^ a b "José Asunción Silva". www.poetryinternationalweb.net. poetryinternationalweb.net sitesi, 2 Ocak 2006. 16 Kasım 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Kasım 2017. 
  3. ^ Roberto Gonzalez Echevarría, Enrique. "Cambridge History of Latin American Literature". books.google.com.tr/. Cambridge University Press, 1996. 7 Kasım 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Kasım 2017. 
  4. ^ Márquez, Gabriel García. "Anlatmak İçin Yaşamak". books.google.com.tr/. Can Sanat Yayınları, 2014. Erişim tarihi: 7 Kasım 2017. 

Galeri

  • José Asunción Silva, 1885
    José Asunción Silva, 1885
  • Şairin Bogotá'daki müzeye dönüştürülen evi
    Şairin Bogotá'daki müzeye dönüştürülen evi

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