Japonya'da konuşulan diller

Japonya'da konuşulan diller
ResmiYok[1]
UlusalJaponca
YerliAynuca
BölgeselAmami-Ōshima, Kunigamice, Miyakoca, Okinawaca, Yaeyamaca, Yonagunice
AzınlıkBonin İngilizcesi, Matagice, Nivihçe, Orokça, Sankaca, Zainichi Korece
GöçmenÇince, Korece, Moğolca, Portekizce, İspanyolca
YabancıAlmanca, Arapça, Bengalce, Birmanca, Çince, Endonezce, Farsça, Filipince, Fransızca, Hintçe, Hollandaca, İngilizce, İspanyolca, İtalyanca, Kmerce, Korece, Kürtçe, Laoca, Malayca, Nepalce, Portekizce, Rusça, Tamilce, Tayca, Türkçe, Vietnamca
İşaretJapon İşaret Dili
Koniya İşaret Dili
Miyakubo İşaret Dili
Klavye düzeni

Japonya'daki konuşulan diller, Japonya'da konuşulan çeşitli dil ve lehçeleri ifade eder. Japonya'nın resmî bir dili olmayıp en çok konuşulan dil, Standart Japonca olarak kabul edilen Tokyo lehçesiyle çeşitli lehçelere ayrılan Japoncadır.

Japoncaya ek olarak, Okinawa ve Kagoshima prefektörlüğünün bazı kısımlarını kapsayan Ryukyu Adaları'nda Ryukyu dilleri konuşulmaktadır. Bu diller Japonca ile birlikte Japon dil ailesinin bir parçasıdır, ancak ayrı dillerdir ve Japonca veya birbirleriyle karşılıklı olarak anlaşılamazlar. Konuşulan Ryukyu dillerinin tümü UNESCO tarafından tehlike altında olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır.

Hokkaidō'da adanın yerli halkı olan Aynuların konuştuğu Aynu dili bulunmaktadır. Hokkaidō Aynucasının mevcut tek çeşidi olduğu Aynu dilleri izole dillerdir ve herhangi bir dil ailesine girmez. Meiji Dönemi'nden bu yana Japonca, Aynular arasında yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaya başlandı ve sonuç olarak Aynuca, UNESCO tarafından kritik tehlike altında olarak sınıflandırıldı.[2]

Orta Çağ'dan bu yana Avrupalıların ziyaretleri nedeniyle Japonca birçok yabancı kelimeyi benimsemiştir. 1543 sonrası Avrupalılarla ilk iletişim dili Portekizceydi, ancak daha sonra Japonların Portekizlileri ülkeden çıkarmasından sonra bu dilin yerini Hollandaca aldı.[3] Japonya hükûmeti, Batılı yetkililerle 1870'lere kadar müzakereleri Hollandaca ile yürüttü.[4] O zamandan beri İngilizce, Batılı ülkelerle etkileşimin ana dili haline geldi.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "参議院法制局" (Japonca). 25 Aralık 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2024. 
  2. ^ Ertl, John, (Ed.) (2008). Multiculturalism in the new Japan : crossing the boundaries within. New York: Berghahn Books. s. 57. ISBN 9780857450258. 
  3. ^ "Dutch-Japanese relations". Netherlands and You. Hollanda hükûmeti. 28 Nisan 2017. 9 Haziran 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2024. 
  4. ^ Vos, Fritz (2014). "Dutch Influences on the Japanese Language: With an Appendix on Dutch Words in Korean". East Asian History. Cilt 39. 12 Mart 2024 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2024.  (PDF 24 Aralık 2022 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.) - Originally in Lingua 12 (1963): pp. 341–88.

Ek okuma

Wikimedia Commons'ta Japonya'da konuşulan diller ile ilgili ortam dosyaları bulunmaktadır.
  • Groot, Henk de (3 Ekim 2016). "Dutch as the language of science and technology in Japan: the Bangosen lexical works". Histoire Épistémologie Langage. 38 (1). ss. 63-82. doi:10.1051/hel/2016380104.  (PDF)

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