Japonya'da intihar

İntihar
Toplumsal yönleri
İntihar krizi
İntihar türleri
İntihar yöntemleri
Epidemiyoloji
Tarih
Savaşta
İlgili kavramlar
Ülkelere göre
Organizasyonlar

Japonya'da intihar (Japonca: 自殺, romanize: jisatsu), önemli bir sosyal sorun olarak kabul edilmektedir.[1] 2017'de ülke, 100.000 kişi başına 14,9 ile OECD'de yedinci en yüksek intihar oranına sahipken[2] 2019'da G7 ülkeleri arasında ikinci en yüksek intihar oranına sahiptir.[3]

1997'de intihar oranları büyük bir artış gösterdi; yalnızca 1998'de %34,7 arttı ve on yıldan fazla bir süre nispeten yüksek kaldı.[1] İntihar oranları 2003'te zirveye ulaştıktan sonra kademeli olarak azalarak 2019'da (1978'den bu yana) kaydedilen en düşük seviyeye geriledi.[4] Japonya'da aylık intihar oranları, COVID-19 pandemisine atfedilen çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı Temmuz ve Ekim 2020 arasında %16 arttı.[5] 2022'de Japonya'daki intihar oranları da, COVID-19 Omicron varyantının yayılmasına atfedilen bir dizi faktör nedeniyle yalnızca 2020'ye göre %17 arttı.

Japonya'da intiharların %70'i erkektir[6] ve 20-44 yaş arası erkeklerde önde gelen ölüm nedenidir.[7]

Tarihsel olarak, Japonya'da intihara yönelik kültürel tutumlar "hoşgörülü" olarak tanımlanmış olup, özellikle askerlik hizmeti sırasında belirli intihar türleri onurlu kabul edilmiştir. Örneğin, kendi iç organlarını çıkarma yoluyla ritüel bir intihar biçimi olan seppuku, esas olarak samuraylar tarafından, örneğin savaşta yenilgiden sonra veya kendine utanç getirdikten sonra onursuzluğu önlemek için uygulandı. II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Japon İmparatorluğu düzenli olarak banzai saldırıları düzenledi ve savaşın sonlarına doğru kamikaze birimleri kullandı ve yakalanma yerine tercih edilen bir alternatif olarak intiharı teşvik etti.[8]

Kaynakça

Wikimedia Commons'ta Japonya'da intihar ile ilgili ortam dosyaları bulunmaktadır.
  1. ^ a b Strom, Stephanie (15 Temmuz 1999). "In Japan, Mired in Recession, Suicides Soar". The New York Times. Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2024. 
  2. ^ "Interactive charts by the OECD". OECD Data (İngilizce). 9 Ekim 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2024. 
  3. ^ "Age-standardized suicide rates (per 100 000 population)" (İngilizce). Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. 23 Şubat 2024 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2024. 
  4. ^ Osaki, Tomohiro (17 Ocak 2020). "Suicides in Japan fell below 20,000 to record low last year". The Japan Times Online (İngilizce). ISSN 0447-5763. 13 Şubat 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2024. 
  5. ^ Tanaka, Takanao; Okamoto, Shohei (15 Ocak 2021). "Increase in suicide following an initial decline during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan". Nature Human Behaviour (İngilizce). 5 (2). ss. 229-238. doi:10.1038/s41562-020-01042-z. ISSN 2397-3374. PMID 33452498. 
  6. ^ "令和元年中における自殺の状況" (PDF). Ulusal Polis Ajansı. 17 Mart 2020. 31 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2024. 
  7. ^ Chambers, Andrew (3 Ağustos 2010). "Japan: ending the culture of the 'honourable' suicide". The Guardian. Londra. 15 Eylül 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2024. 
  8. ^ Astroth, Alexander (2019). Mass Suicides on Saipan and Tinian, 1944: An Examination of the Civilian Deaths in Historical Context. McFarland & Company. ss. 85-98. ISBN 978-1476674568. 

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