II. Urbanus

Papa II. Urbanus

Doğum	Otho de Lagery 1042 Lagery, Fransa Krallığı
Ölüm	29 Temmuz 1099 (57 yaşında) Roma, Papalık Devleti
Milliyet	Fransız
Etkin yıllar	12 Mart 1088 - 29 Temmuz 1099
Yerine geldiği	III. Victor
Yerine gelen	II. Paschalis
Din	Hristiyan (Katolik)

II. Urbanus (1042 - 29 Temmuz 1099), asıl ismiyle Otho de Lagery (ya da: Otto, Odo veya Eudes), 12 Mart 1088 tarihinden ölümüne kadar papalık yapmıştır. 1095 Kasım'ında, Papa II. Urbanus'un başkanlığında ve birçok din adamının katılımıyla gerçekleşen Clermont Konseyi, Haçlı Seferleri'nin başlangıç noktasıdır^[1]. Bu çağrıya cevap veren ordular, Birinci Haçlı seferi'ni başlattı.

Hayatı

Asıl adı "Odo de Lagery" olan Urbanus, 1042 yılı civarında, Fransa'nın Châtillon-sur-Marne kenti yakınlarında dünyaya geldi. Soylu bir Fransız ailesine mensuptu ve iyi bir tahsil gördü. Gençlik yıllarında Reims başdiyakozuydu. 1088 yılında Papa seçilinceye kadar sırasıyla; keşiş, başkeşiş ve başpiskopos gibi görevleri üstlendi.

1 Mart - 7 Mart 1095 tarihleri arasında Piacenza Konsili'ni toplamıştır. Ardından 27 Kasım 1095'te, Fransa'nın Clermont-Ferrand şehrinde geniş katılımlı bir kilise konsili daha toplamıştır. Binlerce insanın önünde gerçekleşen bu konuşmada, Hristiyanlığın kutsal topraklarını işgal ettiği gerekçesiyle Selçuklu Türkleri'ne lanet okudu. Urbanus tüm Hristiyan alemini, kutsal toprakları geri kazanmak amacıyla düzenlenecek olan bir haçlı seferi için bir araya gelmeye davet etti. Ayrıca Urbanus, kutsal toprakların verimli ve zengin hatta Hristiyan Avrupa'sından bile daha zengin olduğunu işaret etti. Son olarak da, haçlı seferlerine katılmanın tüm kefaretlerin ödenmesini sağlayacağını ve haçlıların bütün günahların affettireceğini bildirdi. Urbanus'un büyük nutkundan 1-2 ay sonra Birinci Haçlı Seferi başlamıştı. Bu sefer, yaklaşık 200 yıl süren uzun bir kutsal savaş zinciriyle devam etti.

Urbanus, 1099'da, Birinci Haçlı Ordusu Kudüs'ü geri almayı başardıktan 2 hafta sonra -zafer haberini alamadan- öldü.^[2]

Urbanus, 1881 yılında ölüm günü olan 29 Temmuz'da aziz ilan edildi.^[3]

Kaynakça

^ Hıristiyanlık Tarihi. John Clare. Yeni Yaşam Yayınları. 1977. s. 280 ISBN 975-8318-86-1.
^ The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History (İngilizce). s. 506. 1 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 6 Aralık 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 Haziran 2009.

Ayrıca bakınız

Deus vult

Katolik Kilisesi unvanları
Önce gelen: III. Victor	Papa II. Urbanus 1088 - 1099	Sonra gelen: II. Paschalis

Katolik Kilisesi Papaları
Papalar listesi Papa adları Antipapa Seçilmiş-papa
1–4. yüzyıl Kostantin Dönemi (312–337) dahil olmak üzere Roma İmparatorluğu Dönemi (–493)	Petrus Linus Anacletus I. Clemens Evaristus I. Alexander I. Sixtus Telesphorus Hyginus I. Pius Anicetus Soterius Eleuterus I. Victor Zephyrinus I. Callixtus I. Urbanus Pontianus Anterus Fabianus Cornelius I. Lucius I. Stephenus II. Sixtus Diyonisyus I. Felix Eutychianus Caius Marcellinus I. Marcellus Eusebius Miltiades I. Silvester Markus I. Julius Liberius I. Damasus Siricius I. Anastasius
5–8. yüzyıl Ostrogot Papalığı (493–537) Bizans Papalığı (537–752) Frank Papalığı (756–857)	I. Innocentius Zosimus I. Bonifatius I. Celestinus III. Sixtus I. Leo Hilarius Simplicius III. Felix I. Gelasius II. Anastasius Symmachus Hormisdas I. Ioannes IV. Felix II. Bonifacius II. Ioannes I. Agapetus Silverius Vigilius I. Pelagius III. Ioannes I. Benedictus II. Pelagius I. Gregorius Sabinianus III. Bonifacius IV. Bonifacius I. Adeodatus V. Bonifacius I. Honorius Severinus IV. Ioannes I. Theodorus I. Martinus I. Eugenius Vitalianus II. Adeodatus Domnus Agatho II. Leo II. Benedictus V. Ioannes Konon I. Sergius VI. Ioannes VII. Ioannes Sisinnius Constantinus II. Gregorius III. Gregorius Zacharias II. Stephanus I. Paulus III. Stephanus I. Hadrianus III. Leo
9–12. yüzyıl Saeculum obscurum (904–964) Crescentii Dönemi (974–1012) Tusculum Papalığı (1012–1044/1048) İmparatorluk Dönemi (1048–1257)	IV. Stephanus I. Paschalis II. Eugenius Valentinus IV. Gregorius II. Sergius IV. Leo III. Benedictus I. Nicolaus II. Hadrianus VIII. Ioannes I. Marinus III. Hadrianus V. Stephanus Formosus VI. Bonifacius VI. Stephanus Romanus II. Theodorus IX. Ioannes IV. Benedictus V. Leo III. Sergius III. Anastasius Landus X. Ioannes VI. Leo VII. Stephanus XI. Ioannes VII. Leo VIII. Stephanus II. Marinus II. Agapetus XII. Ioannes V. Benedictus VIII. Leo XIII. Ioannes VI. Benedictus VII. Benedictus XIV. Ioannes XV. Ioannes V. Gregorius II. Silvester XVII. Ioannes XVIII. Ioannes IV. Sergius VIII. Benedictus XIX. Ioannes IX. Benedictus III. Silvester VI. Gregorius II. Clemens II. Damasus IX. Leo II. Victor IX. Stephanus II. Nicholaus II. Alexander VII. Gregorius III. Victor II. Urbanus II. Paschalis II. Gelasius II. Callixtus II. Honorius II. Innocentius II. Caelestinus II. Lucius III. Eugenius IV. Anastasius IV. Hadrianus III. Alexander III. Lucius III. Urbanus VIII. Gregorius III. Clemens III. Celestine III. Innocentius
13–16. yüzyıl Viterbo (1257–1281) Orvieto (1262–1297) Perugia (1228–1304) Avignon Papalığı (1309–1378) Batı Bölünmesi (1378–1417) Rönesans Papalığı (1417–1534) Reform Dönemi (1534–1585) Barok Dönem (1585–1689)	III. Honorius IX. Gregorius IV. Celestinus IV. Innocentius IV. Alexander IV. Urbanus IV. Clemens X. Gregorius V. Innocentius V. Hadrianus XXI. Ioannes III. Nicolaus IV. Martinus IV. Honorius IV. Nicolaus V. Celestinus VIII. Bonifacius XI. Benedictus V. Clemens XXII. Ioannes XII. Benedictus VI. Clemens VI. Innocentius V. Urbanus XI. Gregorius VI. Urbanus IX. Bonifacius VII. Innocentius XII. Gregorius V. Martinus IV. Eugenius V. Nicolaus III. Callixtus II. Pius II. Paulus IV. Sixtus VIII. Innocentius VI. Alexander III. Pius II. Julius X. Leo VI. Hadrianus VII. Clemens III. Paulus III. Julius II. Marcellus IV. Paulus IV. Pius V. Pius XIII. Gregorius V. Sixtus VII. Urbanus XIV. Gregorius IX. Innocentius VIII. Clemens
17–21. yüzyıl Aydınlanma Çağı (y. 1640–1740) Devrim Dönemi (1775–1848) Roma Sorunu (1870–1929) Vatikan (1929–günümüz)	XI. Leo V. Paulus XV. Gregorius VIII. Urbanus X. Innocentius VII. Alexander IX. Clemens X. Clemens XI. Innocentius VIII. Alexander XII. Innocentius XI. Clemens XIII. Innocentius XIII. Benedictus XII. Clemens XIV. Benedictus XIII. Clemens XIV. Clemens VI. Pius VII. Pius XII. Leo VIII. Pius XVI. Gregorius IX. Pius XIII. Leo X. Pius XV. Benedictus XI. Pius XII. Pius XXIII. Ioannes VI. Paulus I. Ioannes Paulus II. Ioannes Paulus XVI. Benedictus Francis

Otorite kontrolü	BNE: XX1143433 BNF: cb11997244k (data) CANTIC: a10399550 GND: 118763873 ISNI: 0000 0001 0225 3069 LCCN: n84187025 LNB: 000173904 NDL: 001180956 NKC: skuk0005683 NLI: 987007375751705171 NTA: 068996101 RERO: 02-A012417130 SUDOC: 028062043 VIAF: 152552697 WorldCat (LCCN): n84-187025

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