Hâlid Bağdâdî

Mevlana Halid
Mewlana Xalid
Doğum1779
Süleymaniye, Şehrizor
Ölüm1827 (47-48 yaşlarında)
Şam
MilliyetKürt
Dinİslam
Kariyeri
EtkiledikleriOsman Sirâceddîn et-Tavilî

Mevlânâ Hâlid-i Bağdâdî (Kürtçe Mewlana Xalid, 1779, Süleymaniye - 1827, Şam), Kürt asıllı İslâm âlimi, mutasavvıf ve şairdir.[1][2] Nakşibendi Hâlidîlik yolunun öncüsüdür.[3]

Irak'ta Süleymaniye'ye 8 km uzaklıktaki Karadağ kasabasında doğmuştur. 1813-1823 yılları arasında Bağdat'ta yaşamış bir sûfîdir.

Hayatı

Tam adı Ebü'l-Behâ Ziyâüddîn Hâlid b. Ahmed b. Hüseyn eş-Şehrezûrî el-Kürdî olup, zamanın ünlü hoca ve âlimlerinden eğitim görmüştür.[4] 1804 yılında Medine'ye, dört yıl sonra da Hicrî 1224 yılında Hindistan'ın Cihanabad şehrinde Şeyh Abdullâh Dehlevî'nin yanına giderek Nakşibendîlik tarîkatının terbiyesini almıştır. Burada "irşad icazeti" alarak beş ayrı tarîkata halife olmuştur. (Nakşibendî, Kadiri, Sühreverdî, Kübrevî, Çeştî). Süleymaniye'ye geri dönüp iki yıl sonra Bağdat'a giderek yerleşti. Burada öğrencilerine tefsir, hadis, tasavvuf, fıkıh gibi çeşitli dersler verdi. On yıl sonra müritleri ve halifeleriyle birlikte Şam'a yerleşti.

Şahsiyeti

Babası Pir Mikail'dir. Mevlânâ Halid Bağdadî, Müslümanların birliğini Osmanlı Devleti'nin sağlayacağı düşüncesindeydi. En büyük özelliği medreselerinde eğitim dili olarak Osmanlı Türkçesi, Arapça ve Farsçanın yanında Kürtçeyi kullanmış olmasıdır. İki temel özelliği, şeriata bağlılık ve genelde diğer tarikatlarda yaygın olan cehrî, yani sesli zikir yerine hafî, yani sessiz zikri tercih etmesidir. Halifeleri aracılığıyla gerek Irak'ın kuzeyinde gerekse Şam, Kudüs, Bağdat ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde binlerce müridi oldu. Sonradan "Mevlânâ" mahlasını aldı. 1827 yılında Şam'da veba hastalığından ölmüştür. Türbesi Şam'da Salihiye'de olup ziyarete açıktır.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ İslam Ansiklopedisi, Cild: 9, s.52-54,
  2. ^ "The Kurds: A Concise Handbook, s. 160". 28 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 16 Mart 2016. 
  3. ^ Tarîxa Edebiyata Kurdî-1, Profesor Qanadê Kurdo, 1983, Stockholm, rûel: s.137-138
  4. ^ Hamid Algar, "Halid el-Bağdadi" 21 Nisan 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., DİA, c. 15, 1997, s. 283
  • Halidiye Risalesi (Mevlana Halid-el Bağdadi) Mevlana Halid Dizisi, Umran Yayınları, Hazırlayan: Yakup Çiçek, İstanbul, Ocak 1994, 328s.

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