Gettysburg Konuşması

Abraham Lincoln'ün iki tane teyit edilmiş fotoğrafından biri[1][2][3] (ışıklandırılmış sepya) Gettysburg'da, öğlen saatleri, Lincoln geldikten hemen sonra ve konuşmadan üç saat öncesi Hemen sağında yer alan koruması, Ward Hill Lamon.

Gettysburg Konuşması Amerika Birleşik Devletleri başkanı Abraham Lincoln tarafından yapılan ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri tarihinin en ünlü konuşmalarından biridir.[4][5] Amerikan İç Savaşı sırasında, Konfederasyon güçlerinin Birlik Güçleri tarafından Gettysburg Muharebesi'nde yenilmesinden dört buçuk ay sonra 19 Kasım 1863 Perşembe günü Gettysburg, Pensilvanya'da Gettysburg Ulusal Mezarlığının kurulması nedeniyle yapılan törende verilmiş bir söylevdir.

Konuşma Metni

87 yıl önce atalarımız bu kıtada, özgürlük içinde bütün insanların eşit yaratıldıkları ilkesine inanarak yeni bir ulus yarattılar. Şimdi bizler böyle bir temel üzerine kurulmuş herhangi bir ulusun ayakta kalıp kalamayacağını test eden büyük bir iç savaşın içindeyiz. Şu anda büyük bir çarpışmanın gerçekleştiği bir alanda bulunuyoruz. Biz buraya, bu alanın bir parçasını, bu ulusun yaşayabilmesi için canlarını verenlere son bir istirahatgâh yeri olarak armağan etmeye geldik. Bir diğer taraftan, bu toprağı kutsamamız, kutlu kılmamız mümkün değildir. Burada çarpışarak hayatını feda etmiş insanlar, burasını öylesine kutlu kılmışlardır ki ona bir şey eklemek ya da ondan bir şey eksiltmek bizim gücümüzün üstündedir. Dünya burada söylediklerimize az önem verse de, umursamasa da, o insanların burada yaptıklarını hiçbir zaman unutmayacaktır.

Burada bundan böyle kendini esas adaması gerekenler hayatta kalmış olanlardır. Bu bitmemiş görevi, bu cesur insanların bu kadar ilerlettiği noktadan alıp daha ileriye taşımalıyız. Biz hayatta kalanlar, işte bu görevi sırtlanıp, burada hayatını vermiş olanların fedakarlığından aldığımız kuvvetle daha çok ilerlemek zorundayız ki bu insanların bir hiç uğruna ölmediğini ispatlayalım. Tanrı'nın şahitliğindeki bu ülkenin yeni bir özgürlük doğuşu yaşamasını sağlayalım ve halkın, halk tarafından halk için yönetimi olduğu bu devlet yeryüzünden silinmesin.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Ultrarare photo of Abraham Lincoln discovered". Fox News. 24 Eylül 2013. 25 Eylül 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 25 Eylül 2013. 
  2. ^ Lidz, Franz (Ekim 2013). "Will the Real Abraham Lincoln Please Stand Up?". Smithsonian. 28 Eylül 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Ekim 2013. 
  3. ^ Brian, Wolly (Ekim 2013). "Interactive: Seeking Abraham Lincoln at the Gettysburg Address". Smithsonian. 29 Eylül 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Ekim 2013. 
  4. ^ Conant, Sean (2015). The Gettysburg Address: Perspectives on Lincoln's Greatest Speech. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. s. ix. ISBN 978-0-19-022745-6. 
  5. ^ Holsinger, M. Paul (1999). War and American Popular Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. s. 102. ISBN 978-0-313-29908-7. 

Bibliografya

  • Barton, William E. (1950). Lincoln at Gettysburg: What He Intended to Say; What He Said; What he was Reported to have Said; What he Wished he had Said. New York: Peter Smith.
  • Boritt, Gabor (2006). The Gettysburg Gospel: The Lincoln Speech That Nobody Knows Simon & Schuster. 432 pp. ISBN 0-7432-8820-3.
  • Busey, John W., and Martin, David G., Regimental Strengths and Losses at Gettysburg, 4th Ed., Longstreet House, 2005, ISBN 0-944413-67-6.
  • Frassanito, William A. (1995). Early Photography at Gettysburg. Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications. ISBN 978-1-57747-032-8.
  • Gramm, Kent (2001). November: Lincoln's Elegy at Gettysburg. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-34032-2.
  • Herndon, William H. and Welk, Jesse W. (1892). Abraham Lincoln: The True Story of A Great Life (Vol II). New York: D. Appleton and Company.
  • Kunhardt, Philip B., Jr. (1983). A New Birth of Freedom: Lincoln at Gettysburg. Little Brown & Co. 263 pp. ISBN 0-316-50600-1.
  • Lafantasie, Glenn. "Lincoln and the Gettysburg Awakening". Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 1995 16(1): 73–89. ISSN 0898-4212.
  • McPherson, James M. (1988). Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (Oxford History of the United States). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-503863-0.
  • McPherson, James M. (1996). Drawn with the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509679-7.
  • Murphy, Jim (1992). The Long Road to Gettysburg. New York: Clarion Books. 128 pp. ISBN 0-395-55965-0.
  • Prochnow, Victor Herbert. ed. (1944). Great Stories from Great Lives. Freeport: Books for Libraries Press, 1944. ISBN 0-8369-2018-X.
  • Rawley, James A. (1966). Turning Points of the Civil War. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-8935-9.
  • Reid, Ronald F. "Newspaper Responses to the Gettysburg Addresses". Quarterly Journal of Speech 1967 53(1): 50–60. ISSN 0033-5630.
  • Sandburg, Carl (1939). "Lincoln Speaks at Gettysburg". In: Abraham Lincoln: The War Years New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company. II, 452–457. ASIN: B000BPD8GC.
  • Sauers, Richard A. (2000). "Battle of Gettysburg". In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History. Heidler, David S., and Heidler, Jeanne T., eds. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
  • Selzer, Linda. "Historicizing Lincoln: Garry Wills and the Canonization of the 'Gettysburg Address". Rhetoric Review Vol. 16, No. 1 (Autumn 1997), pp. 120–137.
  • Simon, et al., eds. (1999). The Lincoln Forum: Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg, and the Civil War. Mason City: Savas Publishing Company. ISBN 1-882810-37-6.
  • White, Ronald C., Jr. (2005). The Eloquent President: A Portrait of Lincoln Through His Words. New York: Random House. ISBN 1-4000-6119-9.
  • Wieck, Carl F. (2002). Lincoln's Quest for Equality: The Road to Gettysburg. Northern Illinois University Press. 224 pp. ISBN 0-87580-299-0.
  • Wills, Garry (1992). Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America. New York: Simon and Schuster. 319 pp. ISBN 0-671-76956-1.
  • Wilson, Douglas L. (2006). Lincoln's Sword: The Presidency and the Power of Words. Knopf. 352 pp. ISBN 1-4000-4039-6.

Temel Kaynaklar

  • Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library Foundation, ed. Gettysburg Replies: The World Responds to Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (2015) ISBN 1493009125

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