Fırıncı

MÖ 5. yüzyılda pişmiş topraktan yapılmış kadın fırıncı figürü. Tanagra, Yunanistan
Küçük yuvarlak ekmekler pişiren bir fırıncı

Fırıncı, geleneksel usullerle ya da modern tekniklerle çalışan, hazırlanan ekmeklerin pişirilmesi ve piyasaya sunulması ile uğraşan mesleği icra edenlere verilen ad. Fırın bu anlamda yiyeceklerin pişirilmesi için gereken bir araç olmanın yanında, ticari olarak ve unlu mamullerin üretilip satılması ile uğraşan mesleğin ve ticarethanenin adıdır.[1]

Tarih öncesi devirlerde ateşin bulunması ve tarım toplumuna geçiş, beraberinde bazı mesleklerin de doğması sonucunu doğurmuştur. Bunlar arasında fırıncılık da mevcuttur. Eski Mısır, Antik Yunan ve Roma İmparatorluğu dönemlerinde buğday ticaretinin yoğunluğu ile bağlantılı olarak ekmek yapımı ve fırıncılık ayrı ve önemli bir değere sahip olmuştur.

Ekmek genellikle buğdaydan yapılır; ancak buğdayın az ve pahalı olduğu yerlerde mısır, çavdar ve arpa unundan da yapıldığı olur. Ekmeğin kalitesi, kullanılan unun cinsine ve pişirme süresine bağlıdır: Yüksek kaliteli unlardan francala ve beyaz ekmek, kepekli unlardan da esmer ekmek elde edilir. Ekmeğin biçimi de, müşterilerin arzusuna göre, ya altı düz üstü kabarık somun şeklinde ya da francala gibi uzun olur. Köy ve kasabalarda hâlâ tekneler içinde, elle ya da ayakla yapılan yoğurma işlemi mazot, havagazı veya elektrikle çalışan büyük ekmek fırınlarında artık yoğurma makineleriyle yapılıyor. Yine de yoğurma, ekmek mayası veya suni mayalarla mayalandırma, tartma, şekil verme, kürelere yerleştirme ve pişirme çok dikkat isteyen uzun işlemlerdir. Bazı ekmekçiler, gevrek, baton, galeta, kurabiye gibi pastacılık işleri de yaparlar.[2]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Wayne Gisslen, Professional Baking (4th ed.: John Wiley & Sons, 2005),. s. 4. 
  2. ^ Joop Witteveen, "Rye, A Daily Bread and a Daily Treat" in Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery,. Staple Foods. s. 243. 

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