Dürrânîler

Dürrânîler
د درانیانو ټولواکمني (Peştuca)
امپراتوری درانیان (Farsça)
1747-1863
Dürrânîler bayrağı
Tür
BaşkentKandehar
(1747-1776)
Kâbil
(1776-1823, 1839-1842)
Peşaver
(1776-1823, kış başkenti)[1][2]
Herat
(1793–1863)[3]
Yaygın dil(ler)
  • Peştuca (şiir, başlangıçta bürokraside kullanıldı)
  • Farsça (kançılarya, baş mahkeme dili, tarihyazımı eserleri, diplomasi)
Resmî din
Sünnilik
HükûmetSeçimli monarşi
Hükümdar 
• 1747-1772
Ahmed Şah Dürrânî
• 1772
Humayun Mirza (Timur Şah ile ihtilaflı)
• 1772-1793
Timur Şah Dürrânî
• 1793-1801
Zaman Şah Dürrânî
• 1801-1803
Mahmud Şah Dürrânî
• 1803-1809
Şüca Şah Dürrânî
• 1809-1818
Mahmud Şah Dürrânî (1810 yılında ihtilaflı)
• 1810-1810
Abbas Mirza Dürrânî (ihtilaflı)
• 1818-1819
Ali Şah Dürrânî
• 1819-1823
Eyüp Şah Dürrânî
• 1839-1842
Şüca Şah Dürrânî
Tarihçe 
• Kuruluşu
Haziran 1747
• Dağılışı
1863
Nüfus
• 
14 milyon
Öncüller
Ardıllar
Afşar İmparatorluğu
Babürlüler
Maratha İmparatorluğu
Buhara Hanlığı
Afganistan Emirliği
Sih İmparatorluğu

Dürrânîler, (Peştuca: درانيانو ټولواکمني, Farsça: امپراطوری درانیان) Ahmed Şah Dürrânî'nin kurduğu Afganistan devleti 1747-1863 yılları arasında hüküm sürmüştür.

Uzun zaman bölgenin dağlık kesimlerinde yaşayan bu boy Gazne Devleti zamanında islâmiyeti seçmiştir. Safevi Devleti ile Babür Devleti ilişkilerinde sıkıntılar yaşandığı bir sırada, Argandab ve Tarnak vadilerine indiler. Bölgenin durumu itibarıyla iki devlet arasında olmalarına rağmen, bölgelerinde bir otonomi ve serbestiyete sahiptiler.

Bir süre sonra Herat eyaleti'nin yönetimini ele geçiren Abdaliler, üzerlerine gelen Safi Kuli Han komutasındaki Safevi ordusunu yendiler ve Nadir Şah'ın zamanına kadar bölgenin hâkimi oldular. Nadir Şah, Safevi Devletini yıktıktan sonra, zamanın karışıklıklarından faydalanarak, Meşhed’i ele geçiren Abdalileri yenilgiye uğrattı. Nadir Şah, Abdalilerin askerî gücünden faydalanmak ve Gılzaler kabilesini kontrol altında tutmak amacıyla, Abdalileri Kandehar bölgesine yerleştirdi.

1747'de Abdalilerin reisi Ahmed Han, Nadir Şah'ın ölümünden sonra Kandehar'ı ele geçirerek hükümdarlığını ilan etti. 1769'a değin Hindistan üzerine dokuz sefer düzenledi. Birçok şehri ele geçirdi ve 1757'de Delhi'ye kadar ilerledi. Aral Gölünden Hint Okyanusuna kadar uzanan ve Horasan, Keşmir, Pencap, Sind, Peşaver, Multan, Deracat bölgelerini de içine alan bir Afgan devleti kurdu.

Ahmed Han'ın 1773'teki ölümünden sonra yerine geçen oğlu Timur Şah, devletin merkezini Kandehar'dan Kabil'e nakletti ve 1793'e kadar devleti yönetti. 1793-1800 yıllarında ise Zaman Şah iktidardaydı. 1800'den 1842'ye kadar karışıklık ve kardeş kavgalarının devam ettiği Abdaliye Devleti, bu tarihte yeni Afgan Devleti emiri Barakzay kabilesinden Dost Muhammed Han tarafından ortadan kaldırıldı.

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Hanifi, Shah Mahmoud. "Timur Shah transferred the Durrani capital from Qandahar in 1775-76. Kabul and Peshawar then shared time as the dual Durrani capital cities, the former during the summer and the latter during the winter season." p. 185. Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 9 Mart 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Stanford University Press, 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
  2. ^ Singh, Sarina (2008). "Like the Kushans, the Afghan kings favoured Peshawar as a winter residence, and were aggrieved when the upstart Sikh kingdom snatched it in 1818 and levelled its buildings." p. 191. Pakistan and the Karakoram Highway 9 Mart 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
  3. ^ L. Lee, Jonathan (1996). The Ancient Supremacy: Bukhara, Afghanistan and the Battle for Balkh, 1731-1901 (illustrated bas.). BRILL. s. 116. ISBN 9004103996. 27 Nisan 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 8 Mart 2013. [The Sadozai kingdom] continued to exist in Herat until the city finally fell to Dost Muhammad Khan in 1862. 

Read other articles:

De structuur van Goud(V)fluoride dimeer Au2F10 Goud(V)fluoride of goudpentafluoride is een verbinding van goud met fluor met formule Au2F10. Het Romeins cijfer V duidt erop, dat goud hier valentie +5 vertoont. Het is de enige bekende verbinding van goud met valentie +5. Het is een rode, vaste stof die oplosbaar is in fluorzuur. Het is ook het enige pentafluoride dat als dimeer voorkomt. Andere pentafluorides komen voor als monomeer (P, As, Cl, Br, I), tetrameer (Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Tc, Re, Ru,...

 

Philipp Jacob Spener fundador del pietismo y creador del Pia desideria Pia Desideria, (en español: Deseos piadosos) es el título del libro escrito en 1675 por el teólogo alemán Philipp Jacob Spener, con el cual otorgó la base doctrinal del movimiento religioso denominado Pietismo.[1]​ El libro fue publicado en Fráncfort del Meno, cuando Philipp Jacob Spener recibió una invitación de un editor de aquella localidad para escribir un prefacio a la obra Johann Arndt «Cristianismo Ve...

 

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مارس 2015) جزيرة بانجي   موقع جزيرة بانجي في بحر سولو الإحداثيات 7°15′0″N 117°10′0″E / 7.25000°N 117.16667°E / 7.25000; 117.16667 تقسيم إداري  قائمة الدول ماليزيا  الولاية...

Kepolisian Daerah MalukuSingkatanPolda MalukuMottoMelindungi, Mengayomi dan MelayaniYurisdiksi hukumProvinsi MalukuMarkas besarJl. Sultan Hasanuddin No.18, Tantui Ambon (97128)Pejabat eksekutifInspektur Jenderal Polisi Drs. Lotharia Latif, S.H., M.Hum., KepalaBrigadir Jenderal Polisi Stephen M. Napiun, S.I.K., S.H., M.Hum., Wakil KepalaSitus webhttp://maluku.polri.go.id Kepolisian Daerah Maluku atau Polda Maluku (dulu bernama Komando Daerah Kepolisian (Komdak atau Kodak) XX/Maluku) adalah pel...

 

Kryvyi Rih MetrotramКриворізький метротрамInfoWilayahKryvyi RihJenisMetro / Metro ringanJumlah jalur2 (4 rute)Jumlah stasiun11 (+1 tidak aktif)Penumpang tahunan15 800 200 (2009)OperasiDimulai26 Desember 1986OperatorKP Shvydkisnyi Tramvai[1]Jumlah gerbong79Panjang kereta2 – 3 (jarang 1) tremWaktu antaraTemplat:Daftar biasa Perkiraan waktu TeknisPanjang sistem187 km (116,2 mi)Lebar sepur1.520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in)Kecepatan rata-...

 

本條目存在以下問題,請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目論述以部分區域為主,未必有普世通用的觀點。 (2015年2月17日)請協助補充內容以避免偏頗,或討論本文的問題。 此条目讀起來像評論,須要清理。 (2015年2月17日)請幫助改进條目以使其語氣中立,且符合维基百科的品質標準。 此條目没有列出任何参考或来源。 (2015年2月17日)維基百科所有的內容...

  Corydoras eques TaxonomíaReino: AnimaliaFilo: ChordataClase: ActinopterygiiSubclase: NeopterygiiInfraclase: TeleosteiSuperorden: OstariophysiOrden: SiluriformesFamilia: CallichthyidaeGénero: CorydorasEspecie: C. eques[editar datos en Wikidata] Corydoras eques es una especie de peces de la familia Callichthyidae en el orden de los Siluriformes. Morfología • Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 4,8 cm de longitud total.[1]​ Distribución geográfica Se encuentr...

 

Pleurophyllum hookeri Flowering Pleurophyllum hookeri (foreground) on Campbell Island; the yellow-flowers in the background are of Bulbinella rossii Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Genus: Pleurophyllum Species: P. hookeri Binomial name Pleurophyllum hookeriBuch.[1] Highland herbfield on Macquarie Island dominated by the silver-leafed Pleurophyllum hookeri. Pleuro...

 

Pravoberezhny single-member constituency Constituency of the Russian State DumaDeputySergey ChizhovUnited RussiaFederal subjectVoronezh OblastDistrictsKhokholsky, Nizhnedevitsky, Novovoronezh, Ostrogozhsky, Repyovsky, Semiluksky, Voronezh (Leninsky, Sovetsky)Other territoryMoldova (Chișinău-5)[1]Voters431,162 (2021)[2] The Pravoberezhny constituency (No.88[a]) is a Russian legislative constituency in Voronezh Oblast. The constituency covers parts of Voronezh and Voro...

Village in County Wexford, Ireland Wellington Bridge redirects here. For the bridge in Aberdeen, see Wellington Suspension Bridge. Village in Leinster, IrelandWellingtonbridge Droichead EoinVillageAerial view of WellingtonbridgeWellingtonbridgeLocation in IrelandCoordinates: 52°16′01″N 06°44′46″W / 52.26694°N 6.74611°W / 52.26694; -6.74611CountryIrelandProvinceLeinsterCountyWexfordTime zoneUTC+0 (WET) • Summer (DST)UTC-1 (IST (WEST))Area code051...

 

For most of its history, the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire did not use heraldry in the Western European sense of permanent motifs transmitted through hereditary right.[1] Various large aristocratic families employed certain symbols to identify themselves;[1] the use of the cross, and of icons of Christ, the Theotokos and various saints is also attested on seals of officials, but these were often personal rather than family emblems.[2] Likewise, various emblems (Gree...

 

1972 British filmPulpUS film posterDirected byMike HodgesWritten byMike HodgesProduced byMichael KlingerStarringMichael Caine Mickey Rooney Lionel Stander Lizabeth Scott Nadia CassiniCinematographyOusama RawiEdited byJohn GlenMusic byGeorge MartinProductioncompanyThree Michaels Film ProductionsDistributed byUnited ArtistsRelease dates 16 August 1972 (1972-08-16) (London) November 1972 (1972-11) (limited) 8 February 1973 (1973-02-08) (New Yor...

Mozambique-born American soccer player Victor Nogueira Nogueira circa 1984Personal informationFull name Victor NogueiraDate of birth (1959-07-17) July 17, 1959 (age 64)Place of birth Maputo, MozambiqueHeight 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)Position(s) GoalkeeperSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1974–1977 Rangers (10)1977–1979 Newcastle United 0 (0)1979–1980 Atlanta Chiefs 21 (0)1982 Montreal Manic 19 (0)1983–1984 Chicago Sting (NASL) 39 (0)1984–1987 Chicago Sting (MISL) 82 (0...

 

Omar Sjawaldy AnwarBerkas:Omar Sjawaldy Anwar.jpgLahir1960 JakartaKebangsaan IndonesiaAlmamater- University of Maryland, College Park, Amerika Serikat- George Washington University, Amerika SerikatPekerjaanEkonom, profesionalDikenal atas- Presiden Direktur Rio Tinto Indonesia- Wakil Direktur Utama Pertamina- Direktur Utama Trimegah SecuritiesOrang tuaChairul Anwar Omar Sjawaldy Anwar (lahir di Jakarta tahun 1960) adalah seorang profesional dan pengusaha asal Indonesia. Dia pernah menduduki be...

 

Treat You BetterSingel oleh Shawn Mendesdari album IlluminateSisi-BRuinDirilis03 Juni 2016 (2016-06-03)Format Singel CD Unduhan digital Direkam2016GenrePop[1][2]Durasi3:07Label Island Republic Universal Pencipta Shawn Mendes Teddy Geiger Scott Harris Produser Teddy Geiger Dan Romer DJ Daylight Kyriakides Kronologi singel Shawn Mendes I Know What You Did Last Summer (2015) Treat You Better (2016) Mercy (2016) Video musikTreat You Better di YouTube Treat You Better adalah l...

Two hammer tackers A Hammer stapler is a tool used for securing a variety of thin plastic and paper sheet building materials against flat surfaces by tacking a staple using a high velocity slapping motion similar to that of swinging a hammer. Typically the shallower the staple, the better hold its grip on the surface is. Also known as a slap stapler or slapper, it is most commonly used for the application of housewrap as well as some paper building materials which is installed by slap staplin...

 

Esports department of football club Manchester City Manchester City EsportsFull nameManchester City EsportsGames FIFA Fortnite Battle Royale FoundedJuly 2016OwnerCity Football GroupPartners FaZe Clan Dubai Expo 2020 Nexen Tire Etisalat Parent groupManchester City F.C.Websitewebsite Active departments ofManchester City Men'sfootballWomen'sfootballAcademy Esports(UK) Esports(China) Esports(Korea) Manchester City Esports is the name of several esports teams owned and operated by Premier League f...

 

Species of mollusc Nerita atramentosa Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropoda Subclass: Neritimorpha Order: Cycloneritida Family: Neritidae Genus: Nerita Species: N. atramentosa Binomial name Nerita atramentosaReeve, 1855 Nerita atramentosa, common name the black nerite, is a medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Neritidae, the nerites. There has been some confusion over the taxonomy of the genus Nerita i...

Indian actor Juby Ninanജൂബി നൈനാൻBornKottayam, Kerala, IndiaOccupationActorYears active2013–presentKnown forDum (2016) Juby Ninan is an Indian actor who works in Malayalam films.[1][2] He made his film debut in Persiakaran (2014).[3][4] Ninan was noticed as the leading antagonist in the 2016 action film Dum, starring Lal and Shine Tom Chacko.[5][6] Film career Juby Ninan was among many newcomers selected for the fil...

 

Поромна переправа Баку — Туркменбаші— залізнично-пасажирська переправа на Каспійському морі між містами Баку (Азербайджан) і Туркменбаші (колишній Красноводськ, Туркменістан). Відстань — 306 км. Вперше про плани створення такої переправи повідомила газета «Вечерняя Мо...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!