அறிவியலின் வரலாறு

அறிவியல் வரலாறு (History of science) இயற்கை உலகு மற்றும் சமூக அறிவியல் கூறுகளைக் குறித்த மாந்தர்ப் புரிதல்களின் வளர்ச்சியை ஆவணப்படுத்தும் கல்வியாகும். இருபதாம் நூற்றாண்டின் பின்பகுதி வரை, குறிப்பாக இயல்பியல் மற்றும் உயிரியல் துறைகளில், பொய் கருதுகோள்களின் மீதான மெய் கருதுகோள்களின் வெற்றியாகக் கருதப்பட்டது.[1] நாகரீக வளர்ச்சியின் முதன்மை அடையாளமாக அறிவியல் கட்டமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. அண்மைய பத்தாண்டுகளில், குறிப்பாக தாமசு கூனின் நூல் த இசுட்ரக்சர் ஆஃப் சயின்டிஃபிக் ரெவலூசன்சு (1962) தாக்கமேற்படுத்திய பின் நவீனத்துவ பார்வைகளில், போட்டி கருதுகோள்கள் அல்லது எண்ணக்கருக்கள் அறிவார்ந்த உயர்வுக்குப் போட்டியிடுவதாக அறிவியல் வரலாறு கருதப்படுகிறது.[2] இது அடிப்படை அறிவியலையும் தாண்டி அறிவார்ந்த, பண்பாட்டு, பொருளியல் சார் மற்றும் அரசியல் தளங்களை உள்ளடக்கிய ஆட்களத்தில் போட்டி இடுகின்றது. மேற்கு ஐரோப்பாவின் கோணத்தில் அல்லாது மாறுபட்ட அறிவியல் குறித்துப் புதியதாக கவனிக்கப்படுகின்றது.

மேற்சான்றுகள்

  1. Golinski, Jan (2001). Making Natural Knowledge: Constructivism and the History of Science (reprint ed.). University of Chicago Press. p. 2. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 9780226302324. When [history of science] began, during the eighteenth century, it was practiced by scientists (or "natural philosophers") with an interest in validating and defending their enterprise. They wrote histories in which ... the science of the day was exhibited as the outcome of the progressive accumulation of human knowledge, which was an integral part of moral and cultural development.
  2. Kuhn, T., 1962, "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions", University of Chicago Press, p. 137: "Partly by selection and partly by distortion, the scientists of earlier ages are implicitly presented as having worked upon the same set of fixed problems and in accordance with the same set of fixed canons that the most recent revolution in scientific theory and method made seem scientific."

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