Aleksandria

Nji wa Aleksandria, Misri

Aleksandria (pia: Alexandria au Iskandiria; kwa Kigiriki Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Alexandreia; kwa Kiarabu: الإسكندرية, al-iskandariya) ni mji mkubwa wa pili wa [Misri]] na [bandari] muhimu kwenye Bahari ya Mediteranea.

Uko kando ya [delta] ya [[Nile] [kaskazini] mwa Misri takriban 225 km kutoka Kairo.

Historia

Jina la mji limetokana na [mfalme] [[Aleksander Mkuu] wa Makedonia ya Kale aliyeunda mji huo mwaka [331 KK].

Waptolemaio waliotawala Misri baada ya Aleksander waliufanya kuwa mji mkuu wa milki yao na [[kitovu] cha [elimu]] na sayansi. Maktaba ya Aleksandria yalikuwa na vitabu vingi kushinda [[maktaba] zote za dunia.

Wakati ule haikujulikana jinsi ya kupiga chapa vitabu. Kila kitabu kiliandikwa kwa mkono kikawa na [bei] kubwa sana. Kununua kitabu kulikuwa na gharama zinazofanana na ile ya kununua gari leo. Kwa hiyo elimu ilikuwa na [thamani] kubwa, na maktaba kubwa ilikuwa na thamani kupita kiasi. Wataalamu toka pande zote za dunia walifika Aleksandria, mji wa elimu, ili kusoma na kunakili vitabu.

Si ajabu kwamba [Agano la Kale]]l lote lilitafsiriwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika lugha ya Kigiriki huko Aleksandria mwaka 150 hivi K.K.

[Pharos ya Aleksandria] ilikuwa [mnara wa taa] iliyohesabiwa kati ya maajabu saba ya dunia ya kale.

San Stefano, Aleksandria


Katika Ukristo

Aleksandria ikawa [jimbo kuu] la pili kwa umuhimu katika Kanisa baada ya Roma hadi mtaguso wa kwanza wa Konstantinopoli ulioiacha nafasi ya tatu kwa kupendelea Konstantinopoli.

Hata upande wa elimu ya teolojia Aleksandria ilishika nafasi muhimu ikishindana na shule ya Antiokia. Kutokana na historia ya mji huo Wakristo wa Aleksandria walijisikia hawana budi kuwa tayari kujadiliana na watu wenye elimu. Wawe tayari kujibu maswali yao juu ya Injili hata kutetea imani kwenye ngazi inayolingana na elimu ya hali ya juu. Wakristo wenye elimu walijitolea kuelimisha Wakristo wenzao.

Katika mafundisho hayo kilitokea chuo cha Kikristo cha kwanza. Masomo yake yalihusu imani na [Biblia] lakini pia elimu kwa jumla. Falsafa ilikuwa muhimu katika mawazo ya wataalamu hata katika mafundisho ya kidini ya Wapagani na Wayahudi. Basi, ilionekana afadhali mwalimu Mkristo ajue falsafa na awe na msimamo wake juu ya uhusiano kati ya falsafa na imani ya Kikristo.

Chuo cha Aleksandria kilipata sifa chini ya Panteno. Mnamo mwaka 200 BK huyo aliacha uongozi wa chuo akawa mmisionari huko Bara Hindi. Aliyemfuata alikuwa Klementi wa Aleksandria aliyefaulu sana kuvuta Wapagani wenye elimu kumpokea Kristo.

Mwanafunzi wake mashuhuri alikuwa [Origene], ambaye baadaye akapewa uongozi wa chuo hicho. Alifanya kazi hiyo kwa muda wa miaka 25. Origene alikuwa mtaalamu wa pekee: ndiye wa kwanza kutumia njia ya kisayansi katika kuchunguza fasiri za Biblia. Pamoja na makarani wake akaandika maneno yote ya Kiebrania ya Biblia pamoja na fasiri zake katika nguzo sita kwenye ngozi kubwa. Njia hiyo ilisaidia kuona mara moja makosa au udhaifu katika fasiri hizo. Aliwafundisha vijana wengi kutumia akili yao katika kutafakari imani kwani akili ni kipawa cha Mungu.

Kwa njia hiyo Chuo cha Aleksandria kimekuwa mwanzo wa elimu ya juu katika Ukristo. Mpaka leo ni kawaida kwamba mtumishi wa Kanisa awe na elimu. Wachungaji, mapadri na watawa wanasomeshwa katika vyuo mbalimbali hadi ngazi ya chuo kikuu. Ukristo umekuwa imani ya wasomi. Asili ya jambo hilo ni katika juhudi za Wakristo wa Misri.

Chini ya Uislamu

Mji ulistawi hadi uenezaji wa Waislamu waliounda mji mkuu mpya huko Kairo.

Baadaye Aleksandria ulibaki kama mji muhimu wa uchumi na biashara wa Misri na bandari kuu ya nchi hadi leo.

Viungo vya nje

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Marejeo

Makala hii kuhusu maeneo ya Misri bado ni mbegu.
Je unajua kitu kuhusu Aleksandria kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni?
Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa?
Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.

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