Henry Kater

Henry Kater
Henry Kater 1831 (av George Richmond)
Henry Kater 1831 (av George Richmond)
Henry Kater 1831 (av George Richmond)
Född16 april 1777
Bristol, England
Död26 april 1835 (58 år)
London, England
NationalitetBrittisk
ForskningsområdeFysik, geodesi, metrologi
Nämnvärda priserCopleymedaljen (1817)
Royal Astronomical Societys guldmedalj (1831)

Henry Kater, född den 16 april 1777 i Bristol, England, död den 26 april 1835 i London var en brittisk fysiker, geodet och metrolog.

Kater var ende son till Henry Kater (född 1748), en sockerbagare från det tyska hertigdömet Lippe-Detmold, som, liksom två av dennes bröder, emigrerat till Bristol under 1750- och 1760-talen, och engelskfödda Anne Collins.[1]

Kater ämnade först studera juridik, men bytte mening då hans far dog 1794 eller 1795[2], och tog värvning i armén, varvid han utstationerades till tolfte infanteriregementet (12th Regiment of Foot) i Indien där han deltog i The Great Trigonometrical Survey under William Lambton.[3] Sviktande hälsa tvingade honom 1806[4] att återvända till England, där han 1808 som löjtnant inledde studier vid Royal Military College Sandhurst, och befordrades till kapten. År 1814 avslutade han sin militära karriär och ägnade sig därefter helt åt naturvetenskap.

År 1817 engagerades han av House of Commons att bestämma sekundpendelns längd i London, varvid han konstruerade en reversionspendel och blev därigenom i juni 1817 den förste att använda en sådan i praktiken.[5] Reversionspendeln hade dock tidigare föreslagits av Gaspard de Prony 1800 och en beskrivning publicerats av Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger 1811.

Katers andra större bidrag var uppfinningen av en flytande vertikal kollimator för kollimering (justering) av astronomiska och geodetiska intsrument för mätning i förhållande till zenit och horisontalplanet. Den utgjordes av en järnplatta, som flöt på en horisontell kvicksilveryta[6], på vilken en optisk kollimator med ett belyst hårkors monterats vinkelrätt mot järnplattan. Härigenom fick man en lodlinje som teleskopet och dess avläsningsskalor kunde kollimeras med och som bara gav ett fel på någon bågsekund, vilket var betydligt bättre än vad som vanligtvis kunde erhållas med tidigare metoder, ett lodsnöre eller en kvicksilverhorisont[7], och snabbare än det omständliga och osäkra omkringflyttade av horisontella kollimatorer som han själv föreslagit 1825. Han presenterade den horisontella kollimatorn inför Royal Society den 13 januari 1825[8] och den vertikala den 1 maj 1828[9]

Kater blev Fellow of Royal Society den 15 december 1814 (och var sällskapets kassör från 1827 till 1833)[4], valdes till utländsk ledamot av Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien 1826[10], utsågs till utländsk ledamot av American Academy of Arts and Sciences den 25 januari 1832[11] och valdes in som ledamot i Royal Astronomical Society den 8 mars 1833[12].

Han tilldelades Sankt Annas orden (och en diamantprydd snusdosa) av den ryske kejsaren (för framtagandet av en rysk längdstandard)[13], Copleymedaljen 1817 av Royal Society (för bestämningen av sekundpendelns längd) och Royal Astronomical Societys guldmedalj 1831 (för utvecklingen av den vertikala kollimatorn)[14].

Katers syn avtog med åldern och han dog av en lungsjukdom i sitt hem.[14]

Publikationer[4]

  • 1807: Description of a very sensible hygrometer
  • 1807: Description of an improved hygrometer
  • 1808: Description of a new compensation pendulum
  • 1813: On the light of the Cassegrainian telescope, compared with that of the Gregorian
  • 1813: Facts and remarks, upon the interruption which the situation of the maintaining weight produces in the rate of a clock, when near the pendulum
  • 1814: Further experiments on the light of the Cassegrainian telescope compared with that of the Gregorian
  • 1814: An improved method of dividing astronomical circles and other instruments
  • 1818: An account of experiments for determining the length of the pendulum vibrating seconds in the latitude of London
  • 1818: On the length of the French metre estimated in parts of the English standard
  • 1818: Instructions for the adjustments and use of the instruments intended for the Northern expeditions
  • 1819: An account of experiments for determining the variation in the length of the pendulum vibrating seconds, at the principal stations of the Trigonometrical Survey of Great Britain
  • 1821: An account of the comparison of various British standards of linear measure
  • 1821: An account of the remeasurement of the cube, cylinder, and sphere, used by the late Sir George Shuckburgh Evelyn in his enquiries respecting a standard of weights and measures
  • 1821: Third Report of the Commissioners appointed to consider the subject of weights and measures
  • 1821: On the best kind of steel and form for a compass needle
  • 1821: Notice respecting a volcanic appearance in the moon
  • 1822: On the construction of a balance
  • 1823: An account of experiments made with an invariable pendulum at New South Wales by Major-General Sir Thomas Brisbane
  • 1825: The description of a floating collimator
  • 1826: Observations on Pallas
  • 1826: An account of the construction and adjustment of the new standards of weights and measures of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
  • 1928: A description of a vertical floating collimator; and an account of its application to astronomical observations with a circle and with a zenith telescope
  • 1828: An account of trigonometrical operations in the years 1821, 1822 and 1823 for determining the difference of longitude between the Royal Observatories of Paris and Greenwich
  • 1828: On a luminous zone observed in the heavens on the 29th of September 1828
  • 1830: On the error in standards of linear measure, arising from the thickness of the bar on which they are traced
  • 1830: A Treatise on Mechanics
  • 1831: An account of the construction and verification of a copy of the Imperial Standard Yard made for the Royal Society
  • 1831: On an appearance of divisions in the exterior ring of Saturn
  • 1832: An account of the construction and verification of certain standards of linear measure for the Russian Government
  • 1833: On a method of determining the longitude with considerable accuracy by means of lunar eclipses
  • 1834: On the certainty and safety with which the operation of the extraction of a cataract from the human eye may be performed. With remarks by Captain Kater . . . on certain spots discoverable in the human eye

Referenser

Noter

  1. ^ Eileen Curran, Biographies of Some Obscure Contributors to 19th-century Periodicals, under "Edward Kater".
  2. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica anger 1794 som dödsår för fadern, medan Curran anger 1795.
  3. ^ Henry Kater (1777–1835), ScientistNational Portrait Gallery.
  4. ^ [a b c] Gordon Jones, 1966, The Scientific Publications of Henry Kater[död länk] i Centaurus 11:3, sid. 152–189. Även på Wiley Online Library.
  5. ^ Henry Kater, 1818, An Account of experiments for determining the length of the pendulum vibrating seconds in the latitude of London i Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, vol. 108, sid 33–102, med efterföljande Illustrationer.
  6. ^ Kvicksilver har högre densitet än järn och därför flyter järn (och de flesta andra ämnen och material) på kvicksilver.
  7. ^ En kvicksilveryta som användes som horisontell spegel, men som var mycket känslig för vibrationer, Vikten och ytan hos Katers "järnflotte" - han använde först mahogny, men järn visade sig stabilare - minskade vibrationernas effekt avsevärt.
  8. ^ H. Kater, 1825, The Description of a Floating Collimator i Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1800–1843), del 2, sid. 232–234.
  9. ^ H. Kater, 1828, A Description of a Vertical Floating Collimator; and an Account of Its Application to Astronomical Observations with a Circle and with a Zenith Telescope i Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1800–1843), del 2, sid. 340–342.
  10. ^ Erik Wilhelm Dahlgren, 1915, Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien : Personförteckningar 1739-1915, Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, sid. 135.
  11. ^ Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge (Mass.), 1883, sid.58.
  12. ^ Capt. Henry Kater på RAS Obituaries.
  13. ^ Ofta anförs årtalet 1814 för detta, men Kater var då inte ens inblandad i framtagandet av en brittisk standard. Kater slutförde och publicerade sitt framtagande av den ryska längdstandarden 1832. Se Jones (1966), sid. 172.
  14. ^ [a b] Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, volym 3–4, J Moyes, London, 1836, sid. 156.

Källor

Read other articles:

بهنام سراج   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 19 يونيو 1971 (52 سنة)  عبادان  الطول 1.84 م (6 قدم 1⁄2 بوصة) مركز اللعب مهاجم الجنسية إيران  مسيرة الشباب سنوات فريق 1992–1995 صنعت نفط عبادان المسيرة الاحترافية1 سنوات فريق م. (هـ.) 1995–1998 صنعت نفط عبادان 1998–2000 برسبوليس 61 (22) 2000–2003 فو

 

Glacier in Antarctica Location of Oscar II Coast on Antarctic Peninsula. Musina Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Мусина, romanized: lednik Musina, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈmusinɐ]) is the 7 km long and 3.5 km wide glacier on Oscar II Coast, Graham Land in Antarctica situated south of Green Glacier and north of Evans Glacier. Draining eastwards between the two principal branches of Rugate Ridge to flow into Vaughan Inlet, Weddell Sea. The feature is named after the settl...

 

Підмаренник середній Біологічна класифікація Царство: Рослини (Plantae) Клада: Судинні рослини (Tracheophyta) Клада: Покритонасінні (Angiosperms) Клада: Евдикоти (Eudicots) Клада: Айстериди (Asterids) Порядок: Тирличецвіті (Gentianales) Родина: Маренові (Rubiaceae) Рід: Підмаренник (Galium) Вид: Підмаренник сер...

Fête de la Musique in Buisson/Frankreich, 2005 Die Fête de la Musique (französisch für „[das] Fest der Musik“) ist eine Veranstaltung, bei der Amateur- und Berufsmusiker, Performer im Bereich Musik, DJs usw. im öffentlichen Raum honorarfrei auftreten (zum Beispiel auf öffentlichen bzw. öffentlich zugänglichen Plätzen, Fußwegen/Wegen, in Parks/Gärten/Vorgärten/Höfen, vor bzw. in Cafés/Bars/Kneipen/Restaurants, Museen/Galerien, Kirchen, Kiosken/Geschäften usw.). Es wird kein ...

 

  Albetaألبيتا (بالإسبانية: Albeta)‏[1]    ألبيتا ألبيتا تقسيم إداري البلد  إسبانيا[2] المنطقة أراغون المسؤولون المقاطعة سرقسطة خصائص جغرافية إحداثيات 41°49′38″N 1°29′34″W / 41.8272224°N 1.492677°W / 41.8272224; -1.492677[3]  [4] المساحة 2,65 كم² كم² الارتفاع 412 متر ...

 

Le Festival du film et forum international sur les droits humains (FIFDH) est l'un des événements les plus importants consacrés au cinéma et aux droits humains. Véritable plateforme consacrée au cinéma engagé, le FIFDH se tient chaque année au mois de mars au coeur de Genève, la capitale des droits humains, en parallèle avec la session principale du Conseil des droits de l'homme de l'ONU. Durant 10 jours, le Festival propose des films suivis de débats qui abordent et dénoncent de...

For broader coverage of this topic, see Environmental, Social, Governance.Form of corporate self-regulation aimed at contributing to social or charitable goals Employees of a leasing firm taking time off their regular jobs to build a house for Habitat for Humanity, a non-profit that builds homes for needy families using volunteers. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) or corporate social impact is a form of international private business self-regulation[1] which aims to contribute to...

 

Tamara Falcó Marquesa de Griñón Tamara Falcó en 2019Información personalNombre completo Tamara Isabel Falcó PreyslerTratamiento Ilustrísima señoraNacimiento 20 de noviembre de 1981 (42 años)Madrid, España EspañaReligión Católica FamiliaDinastía FalcóPadre Carlos FalcóMadre Isabel PreyslerConsorte Íñigo Onieva (matr. 2023)Información profesionalOcupación Socialite[editar datos en Wikidata] Tamara Isabel Falcó Preysler (Madrid, 20 de noviembre d...

 

Powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg Soleus muscleMuscles of lower extremityThe soleus muscle and surrounding structures, from Gray's Anatomy. This is a view of the back of the right leg; most of the gastrocnemius muscle has been removed.DetailsOriginfibula, medial border of tibia (soleal line)Insertiontendo calcaneusArterypopliteal artery, posterior tibial artery, peroneal arteryNervetibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2ActionsplantarflexionAntagonisttibialis anteriorI...

American film franchise This article is about the franchise. For the character, see Indiana Jones (character). For other uses, see Indiana Jones (disambiguation). Indiana JonesOfficial franchise logoCreated byGeorge LucasOriginal workRaiders of the Lost Ark (1981)OwnerLucasfilm Ltd.Years1981–presentPrint publicationsComicsIndiana JonesFilms and televisionFilm(s) Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) The Temple of Doom (1984) The Last Crusade (1989) The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) The Dial ...

 

Village in Greater Poland Voivodeship, PolandMechnaczVillageMechnaczCoordinates: 52°34′N 16°2′E / 52.567°N 16.033°E / 52.567; 16.033Country PolandVoivodeshipGreater PolandCountyMiędzychódGminaKwilcz Mechnacz [ˈmɛxnat͡ʂ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kwilcz, within Międzychód County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.[1] It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Kwilcz, 11 km (7...

 

Radio station in Singapore This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Warna 942 – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2017) (Learn how...

Improv and theater group This article is about the California comedy club. For the 17th century theatergoer, see groundling. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Groundlings – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Groun...

 

Ancient Roman goddess of the hearth, home, and family VestaGoddess of the hearth, home, family, bakers, bread, and donkeysMember of the Dii Consentes and the Di selectiRare depiction of Vesta in human form, as the central figure from the Lararium of a bakery at Pompeii, 1st centuryMajor cult centerTemple of Vesta, RomeAbodeForum RomanumSymbolThe hearth, sacred fireFestivalsVestaliaPersonal informationParentsSaturn and OpsSiblingsJupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Juno, CeresEquivalentsGreek equivalentH...

 

Gaio Fabio Dorso LicinoConsole della Repubblica romanaNome originaleCaius Fabius Dorso Licinus Morte273 a.C. FigliMarco Fabio Licino GensFabia Consolato273 a.C. Gaio Fabio Dorso Licino [1] (in latino: Caius Fabius Dorso Licinus; ... – 273 a.C.) è stato un politico e militare romano. Biografia Gaio era probabilmente nipote di Marco Fabio Dorsuo, console nel 345 a.C.; fu a sua volta eletto console nel 273 a.C. con Gaio Claudio Canina, al suo secondo consolato. Gaio morì proprio...

American triple jumper Keturah OrjiAmerican triple jumperPersonal informationBorn (1996-03-05) March 5, 1996 (age 27)Hoboken, New JerseyEducationMount Olive High School (2014)University of GeorgiaHeight1.66 m (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in)[1]SportSportAthleticsEventTriple jumpCollege teamGeorgia Bulldogs[1]Turned pro2018 Medal record Women's athletics Representing the  United States Pan American Games 2019 Lima Long jump IAAF World U18 Championships 2013 Donets...

 

Fictional character in the TV series Doctor Who Fictional character Amy PondDoctor Who characterKaren Gillan as Amy PondFirst appearanceThe Eleventh Hour (2010)Last appearanceThe Time of the Doctor (2013)Portrayed byKaren GillanCaitlin Blackwood (young)Duration2010–2012, 2013In-universe informationAffiliationEleventh DoctorSpouseRory WilliamsChildren Melody Pond Anthony Williams[1] RelativesThe Doctor (child-in-law), Brian Williams (father-in-law) Amelia Amy Pond is a fictional char...

 

БиблияХристианство • Иудаизм Библейский канон Танах (Тора • Невиим • Ктувим) Ветхий Завет • Новый Завет Масора • Апокрифы Неканонические книги Второканонические книги Самаритянское Пятикнижие  Переводы Библии Таргум • Септуагинта Старолатинский перевод Вульгат...

معهد المخطوطات العربية شعار معهد المخطوطات العربيةشعار معهد المخطوطات العربية معلومات التأسيس 1946  الموقع الجغرافي إحداثيات 30°02′54″N 31°11′54″E / 30.048311°N 31.198412°E / 30.048311; 31.198412  البلد مصر  إحصاءات الموقع الموقع الرسمي  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   معهد المخطوط...

 

Former American radio network For the current network with the same name, see Westwood One. Westwood OneCompany typeSubsidiaryIndustryRadio BroadcastingFounded1976 (1976)FounderNorman J. PattizDefunct2011HeadquartersU.S.Area servedNationwideKey peopleLarry King Westwood One was an American radio network that was based in New York City. At one time, it was managed by CBS Radio, and was later purchased by the private equity firm, The Gores Group. Due to purchases, mergers and other forms o...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!