Lee-Enfield

Lee-Enfield
SMLE Mk III (uvedena 1907) Rifle No. 4 Mk I (uvedena 1941)
Vrsta večstrelna puška
Država izvora Združeno kraljestvo Velike Britanije in Irske
Zgodovina uporabe
V uporabi 1895 do danes
Vojne druga burska vojna, prva svetovna vojna, druga svetovna vojna, korejska vojna ter številni drugi konflikti
Zgodovina izdelave
Konstruktor James Paris Lee[d] in Royal Small Arms Factory[d]
Leto zasnove 1895
Proizvajalec Royal Small Arms Factory[d], Birmingham Small Arms Company[d], London Small Arms Co. Ltd[d], Lithgow Arms[d], Ishapore Rifle Factory[d], Savage Arms[d] in Pakistan Ordnance Factories[d]
Število izdelanih preko 17 milijonov
Različice glej izvedbe puške
Značilnosti
Teža 4 kg
Dolžina 1.130 mm
Dolžina cevi 635 mm

Naboj .303 britanski
Način delovanja vrtljivi valjasti zaklep
Hitrost na ustju 744 m/s
Učinkoviti domet 500 m
Način polnjenja snemljiv nabojnik (Mauserjevi okvirji)
Kapaciteta 10 nabojev

Lee-Enfield je bila znana britanska puška repetirka z valjastim zaklepom, ki jo je v prvi polovici 20. stoletja množično uporabljala britanska vojska in ostale vojske Commonwealtha. Puška je bila razvita leta 1895 na podlagi puške Lee-Metford, ki je leta 1888 zamenjala zastareli enostrelki Martini-Henry in Martini-Enfield. Ime je dobila po Jamesu Parisu Leeju, ki je zasnoval zaklep in shrambo za naboje ter po tovarni, Royal Small Arms Factory, ki se je nahajala v mestu Enfield.

Puška je uporabljala vrtljivi valjasti zaklep ter britansko strelivo kalibra .303 (7,7x56 R). Polnila se je z desetimi naboji od zgoraj, skozi odprt zaklep. Orožje je bilo dolgo 1.130 mm in je tehtalo približno 4 kg. V britansko vojsko je puška prišla leta 1895 in se hitro uveljavila. Izredno dobro se je izkazala med prvo svetovno vojno ter tako postala standardno orožje britanske vojske in vojsk Commonwealtha. Med obema vojnama je doživela številne predelave in izboljšave ter se med drugo svetovno vojno ponovno izkazala kot odlično orožje. Zaradi svoje zanesljivosti in robustnosti so jo veliko uporabljale tudi Kanada, Indija in Južna Afrika ter številne druge države. Zelo dobro se je uveljavila tudi na civilnem trgu. Zaradi široke uporabe in svoje značilne oblike je postala simbol britanskega imperija. V uporabi britanske vojske je ostala vse do leta 1957, ko jo je zamenjala belgijska polavtomatska puška FN FAL. Primerke tega orožja je britanska vojska, kot ostrostrelne puške, uporabljala vse do leta 1990. Do današnjega dne je bilo izdelanih 17 milijonov pušk, ki so v nekaterih manj razvitih državah še vedno v uporabi s strani policije in raznih upornikov.

Izvedbe puške

Model/Mark V uporabi
Magazine Lee-Enfield 1895–1926
Charger Loading Lee-Enfield 1906–1926
Short Magazine Lee-Enfield Mk I 1904–1926
Short Magazine Lee-Enfield Mk II 1906–1927
Short Magazine Lee-Enfield Mk III/III* 1907–do danes
Short Magazine Lee-Enfield Mk V 1922–1924 (preizkusna; 20,000 izdelanih)
Rifle No. 1 Mk VI 1930–1933 (preizkusna; 1,025 izdelanih)
Rifle No. 4 Mk I 1941–do danes
Rifle No. 4 Mk I* 1942–do danes
Rifle No 5 Mk I "Jungle Carbine" 1944–do danes
Rifle No. 4 Mk 2 1949–do danes
Rifle 7.62mm 2A 1964–do danes
Rifle 7.62mm 2A1 1965–do danes

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