Kurdščina

Kurdščina
kurdsko کوردی ,Kurdî
Zemljevid kurdsko govorečih območij Zahodne Azije
Materni jezikTurčija, Irak, Iran, Sirija, Armenija, Azerbajdžan
PodročjeKurdistan, Anatolija, Kavkaz, Provinca Korasan, diaspora
EtničnostKurdi
Št. maternih
govorcev
(c. 20–30 milijonov cited 2000–2010 ocena)[1]
Narečja
Južna kurdščina (Palewani, Xwarig/Xwarîn)
PisavaHawar alphabet (Latinica; uporabljena večinoma v Turčiji in Siriji)
Sorani alphabet
(Perso-Arabic script; uporabljena večinoma v Iraku in Iranu)
Cyrillic alphabet (bivša Sovjetska Zveza)
Armenska abeceda (1921-29 v Sovjetski Armeniji)[3][4][5]
Uradni status
Uradni jezik
 Irak[6][a] Predloga:Podatki države Rojava[8][9]
Priznani manjšinski
jezik
Jezikovne oznake
ISO 639-1ku
ISO 639-2kur
ISO 639-3kur – vključene oznake
Posamezne oznake:
ckb – Sorani
kmr – Kurmanji
sdh – Južna kurdščina
lki – Laki
Glottologkurd1259
Linguasphere58-AAA-a (North Kurdish incl. Kurmanji & Kurmanjiki) + 58-AAA-b (Central Kurdish incl. Dimli/Zaza & Gurani) + 58-AAA-c (South Kurdish incl. Kurdi)
{{{mapalt2}}}
Geographic distribution of Kurdish and other Iranian languages spoken by Kurds

  Kurmanji
  Sorani
  Južna kurdščina
  Zaza
  Gorani
  mešana območja

Ta članek vsebuje zapis glasov v črkovni obliki po IPA. Brez ustrezne podpore za interpretacijo, lahko vidite vprašaje, okvirje ali druge simbole namesto Unicode znakov.

Kurdščina je avtohtoni jezik etnične skupine Kurdov na bližnjem in srednjem vzhodu, ki se govori na večdržavnem etičnem ozemlju, imenovanem Kurdistan.

Kot regionalno priznani jezik etnične manjšine, se ga kot sredstvo razumevanja in uradovalni jezik uporablja na manjših območjih Turčije, Sirije (Rojava), Iraka in Irana.

Opombe

  1. ↑ Official at state level

Sklici

  1. ↑ SIL Ethnologue gives estimates, broken down by dialect group, totalling 31 million, but with the caveat of "Very provisional figures for Northern Kurdish speaker population". Ethnologue estimates for dialect groups: Northern: 20.2M (undated; 15M in Turkey for 2009), Central: 6.75M (2009), Southern: 3M (2000), Laki: 1M (2000). The Swedish Nationalencyklopedin listed Kurdish in its "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), citing an estimate of 20.6 million native speakers.
  2. ↑ »Atlas of the Languages of Iran A working classification«. Languages of Iran. Pridobljeno 25. maja 2019.
  3. ↑ MacCagg, William O.; Silver, Brian D., ur. (1979). Soviet Asian Ethnic Frontiers. Pergamon Press. str. 94. ISBN 9780080246376. Since the most active Soviet Kurdish center has been and continues to be Yerevan, the first alphabet used for publishing Kurdish in the USSR was the Armenian alphabet.
  4. ↑ Курдский язык (v ruščini). Krugosvet. ...в Армении на основе русского алфавита с 1946 (с 1921 на основе армянской графики, с 1929 на основе латиницы).
  5. ↑ Khamoyan, M. (1986). »Քրդերեն [Kurdish language]«. Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia Volume 12 (v armenščini). str. 492. ...գրկ. լույս է տեսնում 1921-ից հայկ., 1929-ից՝ լատ., 1946-ից՝ ռուս. այբուբենով...
  6. ↑ »Iraq's Constitution of 2005« (PDF). str. 4. Pridobljeno 14. aprila 2019.
  7. ↑ »Kurdistan: Constitution of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region«. Pridobljeno 14. aprila 2019.
  8. ↑ »Social Contract - Sa-Nes«. Self-Administration of North & East Syria Representation in Benelux. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 9. decembra 2018. Pridobljeno 22. marca 2019.
  9. ↑ »"Rojava could be a model for all Syria"«. Salih Muslim. Nationalita. 29. julij 2014. Pridobljeno 22. marca 2019.
  10. ↑ Pavlenko, Aneta (2008). Multilingualism in post-Soviet countries. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters. str. 18–22. ISBN 978-1-84769-087-6.
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