Čajka striebristá

Čajka striebristá
Stupeň ohrozenia
IUCN stupne ohrozeniaVyhynutýVyhynutýVyhynutý vo voľnej prírodeKriticky ohrozenýOhrozenýZraniteľnýTakmer ohrozenýOhrozenýNajmenej ohrozenýNajmenej ohrozený
(globálne[1], na Slovensku nehodnotená[2])
Vedecká klasifikácia
 
Vedecký názov
Larus argentatus
Pontoppidan, 1763

Mapa rozšírenia poddruhov čajky striebristej
     Larus a. argentatus
     Larus a. argenteus
     Územie s výskytom oboch poddruhov
Vedecká klasifikácia prevažne podľa tohto článku

Čajka striebristá[3] (lat. Larus argentatus) je veľký druh čajky z čeľade čajkovité. Hniezdi v severozápadnej Európe. Podľa Medzinárodnej únie na ochranu prírody a prírodných zdrojov čajka striebristá patrí medzi najmenej ohrozené druhy, celková populácia klesá, v rokoch 1990 – 2000 boli stavy považované za stabilné, novšie spracovania výsledkov naznačujú 30% pokles za 39 rokov (tri generácie). Situácia si vyžaduje špeciálny monitoring, pretože pokles môže byť zapríčinený zlepšením hospodárenia s odpadmi.[1]

Výskyt a stav na Slovensku

Na Slovensku sa do roku 1999 uvádzalo, že sa vyskytuje len vzácne.[4] Dnes, po roku 2000, pravidelne migruje a zimuje v malých počtoch.[5]

Ekosozologický status v roku 1995 I - nezaradený. V rokoch 1998[4] a 2001[6] žiadny. V roku 2014 NA - (regionálne) nepríslušný. Čajka striebristá je jeden z 15. nehodnotených druhov, z niektorého z nasledujúcich dôvodov: o ktorých pravidelnom hniezdení u nás existujú údaje z menej ako 10 posledných rokov, sú v štádiu rozširovania areálu, hniezdia alebo hniezdili u nás len sporadicky alebo ojedinele.[2][7][8] Európsky ochranársky status nezaradený SPEC. Stupeň ohrozenia S - vyhovujúci ochranársky status.[4]

Ochrana

Je zákonom chránená, spoločenská hodnota je 460 € (Vyhláška MŽP č. 24/2003 Z.z. v znení č. 492/2006 Z. z., 638/2007 Z. z., 579/2008 Z. z., 173/2011 Z. z., 158/2014 Z. z., účinnosť od 01.01.2015).[9]

Galéria

  • Dospelý v zimnom šate
    Dospelý v zimnom šate
  • Mláďa a vajíčko v hniezde
    Mláďa a vajíčko v hniezde
  • Mláďatá
    Mláďatá
  • Nedospelý v zime
    Nedospelý v zime
  • Kompozitná fotografia - pomôcka na ľahšie spoznanie druhu
    Kompozitná fotografia - pomôcka na ľahšie spoznanie druhu

Referencie

  1. ↑ a b IUCN Red list 2020.2. Prístup 8. augusta 2020
  2. ↑ a b Demko M., Krištín A. & Pačenovský S. 2014: Červený zoznam vtákov Slovenska. SOS/BirdLife Slovensko, 52 pp. [online]. vtaky.sk, 2014, [cit. 2018-03-03]. Dostupné online.
  3. ↑ KOVALIK, Peter, et al. Slovenské mená vtákov [online]. Bratislava: SOS/BirdLife Slovensko, 2010 (2016), rev. 2016-10-23, [cit. 2017-01-13]. Dostupné online.
  4. ↑ a b c DANKO, Štefan; DAROLOVÁ, Alžbeta; KRIŠTÍN, Anton, et al. Rozšírenie vtákov na Slovensku. Bratislava : Veda, 2002. Autori druhu Štefan Danko, Alžbeta Darolová. ISBN 80-224-0714-3. Kapitola Čajka striebristá, s. 327 - 328.
  5. ↑ KVETKO, Richard; & FK SOS/BIRDLIFE SLOVENSKO. 18. správa Faunistickej komisie Slovenskej ornitologickej spoločnosti/BirdLife Slovensko / The 18th report of the Rarities Committee of the Slovak Ornithological Society/BirdLife Slovakia. Tichodroma, roč. 30, čís. 2018, s. 80 - 87. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-03-12].
  6. ↑ BALÁŽ, Daniel; MARHOLD, Karol; URBAN, Peter. Červený zoznam rastlín a živočíchov Slovenska. 1. vyd. Banská Bystrica : Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky, 2001. 160 s. Dostupné online. ISBN 80-89035-05-1. Kapitola Červený (ekosozologický) zoznam vtákov (Aves) Slovenska: Anton Krištín, Ľudovít Kocian, Peter Rác (en: Red (Ecosozological) List of Birds (Aves) of Slovakia), s. 150 - 153.
  7. ↑ DEMKO, Miroslav; KRIŠTÍN, Anton; PUCHALA, Peter. Červený zoznam vtákov Slovenska. Tichodroma, roč. 25, čís. 2013, s. 69 - 78. Dostupné online [cit. 2018-03-03].
  8. ↑ JEDLIČKA, Ladislav; KOCIAN, Ľudovít; KADLEČÍK, Ján; FERÁKOVÁ, Viera. Hodnotenie stavu ohrozenia taxónov fauny a flóry [online]. Bratislava: Štátna ochrana prírody SR, Banská Bystrica, Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, vydavateľstvo Faunima, online in vtaky.sk, 2007, [cit. 2018-03-04]. Dostupné online.
  9. ↑ Vyhláška Ministerstva životného prostredia Slovenskej republiky č. 24/2003 Z. z., ktorou sa vykonáva zákon č. 543/2002 Z. z. o ochrane prírody a krajiny v znení neskorších predpisov (č. 492/2006 Z. z., 638/2007 Z. z., 579/2008 Z. z., 173/2011 Z. z., 158/2014 Z. z.) s účinnosťou od 01.01.2015 [online]. epi.sk, [cit. 2020-03-19]. Dostupné online.

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