Pichliač panónsky

Pichliač panónsky

Pichliač panónsky – stonka s koncovým úborom.
Stupeň ohrozenia
IUCN stupne ohrozeniaVyhynutýVyhynutýVyhynutý vo voľnej prírodeKriticky ohrozenýOhrozenýZraniteľnýTakmer ohrozenýOhrozenýNajmenej ohrozenýNajmenej ohrozený
Vedecká klasifikácia
 
Vedecký názov
Cirsium pannonicum
Link[1][2], 1822[1][2]
Synonymá
Zoznam
Vedecká klasifikácia prevažne podľa tohto článku

Pichliač panónsky[3] (lat. Cirsium pannonicum)[2] je trváca bylina z čeľade astrovité (Asteraceae). Jeho prirodzený areál zahŕňa oblasti strednej a juhovýchodnej Európy až po európske Rusko.[2]

Opis

Pichliač panónsky je trváca svetlozelená bylina s krátkym podzemkom a valcovitými koreňmi, vysoká 40 až 100 cm. Byľ je priama, jednoduchá alebo s jedným až tromi bezlistými jednoúborovými konárikmi, dole husto listnatá, chlpatá, ostníkato krídlatá, hore s niekoľkými listeňmi.[4]

Prízemné listy sú zúžené do krátkej listovej stopky. Horné sú objímavé, sediace a krátko zbiehavé. Všetky sú v obryse vajcovité až podlhovasto kopijovité, nedelené, nerovnako krátko ostníkato zubaté. Čepeľ je na líci odstávajúco páperistá, na rube tenko pavučinatá.[4]

Purpurové alebo červenofialové kvety sú usporiadané v súkvetí, ktorým je rúrkokvetý úbor. Jednotlivé kvety v úbore sú obojpohlavné, rúrkovité, pravidelné, päťpočetné, dlhé 15 až 20 mm. Tyčiniek býva zvyčajne päť, s peľnicami zrastenými do rúrky okolo čnelky. Kalich je voľný, trváci, premenený na chocholec s perovitými štetinkami, dlhý 13 až 16 mm, slúžiaci na rozširovanie semien vetrom. Semenník je spodný a plodom je nažka veľká 3 až 4 mm. Vajcovitý zákrov má listene pritlačené, končisté, s ostníkmi do 2 mm. Úbory sú na dlhých stopkách jednotlivé.[4]

Rozšírenie

Areál rozšírenia pichliača panónskeho zahŕňa Španielsko a ďalej oblasti strednej a juhovýchodnej Európy až po európske Rusko.[2]

Na Slovensku sa vyskytuje v Malých a Bielych Karpatoch, vo Veľkej Fatre, v Nízkych Tatrách, na Muránskej planine, v Slovenskom krase a Slovenskom raji.[4][5]

Ekológia

Pichliač panónsky rastie na stepných lúkach a v lesostepiach. Obľubuje vlhké až vysychavé, výživné, humózne, kamenisté i piesočnaté pôdy. Kvitne od júna do júla.[4]

Galéria

  • Spodná strana listu.
    Spodná strana listu.
  • Nerozkvitnutý úbor so zákrovom.
    Nerozkvitnutý úbor so zákrovom.
  • Priečny rez úborom.
    Priečny rez úborom.
  • Jednotlivý kvet s nažkou a chocholcom.
    Jednotlivý kvet s nažkou a chocholcom.

Referencie

  1. ↑ a b Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 301 (1822)
  2. ↑ a b c d e Cirsium pannonicum (L.f.) Link [online]. Kew: POWO – Plants of the World Online, Kew, [cit. 2024-03-16]. Dostupné online. (po anglicky)
  3. ↑ Karol Marhold, František Hindák. Zoznam nižších a vyšších rastlín Slovenska. Bratislava : Veda, 1998. ISBN 80-224-0526-4. S. 421.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Josef Dostál, Martin Červenka. Veľký kľúč na určovanie vyšších rastlín II.. prvé. vyd. Bratislava : Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, 1991. ISBN 80-08-00003-1. S. 1116.
  5. ↑ Anna Leskovjanská. Flóra Národného parku Slovenský raj. Spišská Nová Ves : Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky, 2014. ISBN 978-80-89310-82-1. S. 28.

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