Kyselina siričitá

Kyselina siričitá
Kyselina siričitá
Kyselina siričitá
Kyselina siričitá
Kyselina siričitá
Všeobecné vlastnosti
Sumárny vzorec H2SO3
Fyzikálne vlastnosti
Molárna hmotnosť 82,07 g/mol
Ďalšie informácie
Číslo CAS 7782-99-2
Pokiaľ je to možné a bežné, používame jednotky sústavy SI.
Ak nie je hore uvedené inak, údaje sú za normálnych podmienok.

Kyselina siričitá, H2SO3 je stredne silná anorganická kyselina. Je prítomná len v roztokoch, v ktorých vzniká rozpúšťaním oxidu siričitého:

SO2 + H2O → H2SO3

Ak sa jej roztok zahrieva, dochádza spätne k rozkladu na vodu a oxid siričitý. Preto je možné oxid siričitý formálne označiť ako anhydrid kyseliny siričitej. Aj pri izbovej teplote dochádza k pomerne rýchlemu rozkladu roztokov kyseliny siričitej.

Kyselina siričitá disociuje vo vodnom roztoku v dvoch stupňoch:

H2SO3 + H2O → H3O+ + HSO3
HSO3 → H3O+ + SO32−

Kyselina siričitá tvorí dva typy solí: siričitany a hydrogensiričitany. Siričitany sa na vzduchu pozvoľna zlučujú s kyslíkom a tým sa oxidujú na sírany. Kyselina siričitá a jej soli majú redukčné vlastnosti. Príkladom je reakcia s kyselinou dusitou:

2 HNO2 + H2SO3 → 2 NO + H2SO4 + H2O

Siričitany alkalických kovov sa zahrievaním rozkladajú a ich rozkladom vzniká síran a sulfid:

4 Na2SO3 → 3 Na2SO4 + Na2S

Siričitany kovov alkalických zemín sa však zahrievaním rozkladajú na oxid siričitý a príslušný oxid kovu:

MgSO3 → MgO + SO2

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