Budova orgánov štátnej bezpečnosti na Lubianke

2009

Budova orgánov štátnej bezpečnosti na Lubianke, hovorovo Lubianka (rus.: Лубянка) je hovorový názov veliteľstva bývalej ruskej tajnej služby KGB. Túto obrovskú budovu zo žltých tehál navrhol architekt Alexej Sušev, ktorý taktiež navrhol aj Leninovo mauzóleum a ďalšie významné moskovské budovy. Budova je známa pre svoje prekrásne parketové podlahy a bledozelené steny.

Budova sa nachádza na Námestí Lubjanka. Do roku 1991 sa námestie volalo podľa zakladateľa Čeky a veliteľa NKVD Felixa Dzeržinského, ktorého socha sa nachádzala na námestí.

História budovy

Budova bola postavená ako sídlo Všeruskej poisťovacej spoločnosti, no po boľševickej revolúcii bola zabraná sovietskou vládou, ktorá v nej zriadila veliteľstvo tajnej polície, vtedy nazývanej Čeka.

Názov i štruktúra sovietskej tajnej polície sa menil, avšak budova ostávala. Tak sa tu vystriedalo NKVD, KGB a v súčasnosti tu sídli FSB – Federálna bezpečnostná služba Ruskej federácie. Súčasťou budovy bola aj väznica, v ktorej boli zadržiavaní mnohí politickí väzni. Väzenie sa spomína aj v diele Súostrovie Gulag od Alexandra Solženicyna. Okrem iného v budove sídli aj Múzeum KGB, ktoré je prístupné širokej verejnosti.

Jeden z vtipov zo sovietskej éry vraví, že z Lubianky je prekrásny výhľad - dá sa z nej dovidieť až na Sibír.

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