This let amniotes move into environments that had less water. The amniotes moved across the Earth. Most vertebrates that live on land are amniotes, as are...

Reptiliomorpha is a clade of the amniotes and those tetrapods that share a more recent common ancestor with amniotes than with living amphibians (lissamphibians)...

was a key evolutionary 'invention', which allowed the amniotes to invade the land. Once the amniotes were truly land animals, there followed a huge adaptive...

advanced) amniote characters. Casineria was at or very near the origin of the amniotes. It may have been one of the very first true amniotes. The only...

amniote, as amniote eggs are thought to have evolved in very small animals. There are derived (advanced) features which tie it in with the amniotes rather...

cell Zygote, a fertilised ovum Cleidoic egg: the type of egg produced by amniotes (reptiles, birds, mammals) Egg (food): a type of egg that can be eaten...

(ancestors of reptiles): now referred to the Amniote stem-group or the Sauropsida. Lissamphibians: modern amphibia Amniotes: The terrestrial cleidoic egg-laying...

anapsid is an amniote whose skull does not have openings on the sides behind the eyes. This is A primitive ('basal') condition for early amniotes in the Mississippian...

from egg-laying amniotes in the first part of the Carboniferous period. The synapsids are the other group which evolved from amniotes. They gave rise...

years, into the early Permian.p30 As the climate became drier, egg-laying amniotes (Synapsids and Sauropsids) became more common than amphibia. These are...

is sometimes called the amniotic egg, because it is characteristic of amniotes. These eggs have a protective shell, and are laid out of water. The shell...

Westlothiana, from 350mya, either an early amniote or a sister group to the amniotes Casineria, from 340 mya, a basal amniote. Protoclepsydrops, from the middle...

confusing. Synapsids are one of the two major groups of amniotes. Both groups evolved from early amniotes about 345 million years ago during the early or mid...

class-level taxa. The two groups split in the Carboniferous, from stem-group Amniotes (the early tetrapods, which laid cleidoic eggs). A membrane forms an inner...

amphibians, which laid their eggs in water, and the amniotes, who laid their cleidoic eggs on land. The amniotes gave rise to two groups: one was the synapsids...

mammals did not descend from reptiles. Both groups descended from early amniotes (egg-laying tetrapods), probably in the Lower or Middle Carboniferous....

outer coats. It is a main character of the cleidoic egg, which allows amniotes to breed on land. Worms eggs present a three layered structure with an...

J. & Lahn T. 2006. Multiple independent origins of sex chromosomes in amniotes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of...

demonstrated conclusively that the seymouriamorphs were not biologically amniotes". Fossil larvae have been found of three related genera, from the Upper...

abdominal cavity the fluid contained in the peritoneum is a serous fluid. In amniotes and some invertebrates the peritoneum lines their largest body cavity called...

birds and mammals are indeed related, but only at the level of the early amniotes. In terms of evolution, there is a vast gulf between them. More common...

(lungfish) Tetrapoda (four-limbed vertebrates) Amphibia (amphibians) Amniota (amniotes) Sauropsida (reptiles and birds) Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes and tuatara)...

'pelycosaur' aggregation from South Africa: earliest evidence of parental care in amniotes? Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 274(1627): 2829–2834. [1] Archived...

cynodonts. In: Carrano Matthew T; Gaudin T.J; Blob R.W. and Wible J.R., Amniote Paleobiology: perspectivers on the evolution of mammals, birds, and reptiles...

were up to 50 metres (164 feet) tall. Archaeothyris and the other early amniotes lived on the forest floor. Falcon-Lang H.J; Benton M.J. & Stimson M. 2007...

Protoclepsydrops was an early amniote from about 314 million years ago. Its remains were found at the Joggins Fossil Cliffs World Heritage Site. The dating...

cows, therefore is a secondary feature". They comment "obligate marine amniotes appear to have evolved almost exclusively from viviparous land ancestors"...

Neveling J.; Modesto S.P. & Yates A.M. (2004). "Barendskraal, a diverse amniote locality from the Lystrosaurus assemblage zone, Early Triassic of South...

which have only one such opening. Synapsids diverged from the common amniote tree before the diapsids did. BBC Television in Walking with Dinosaurs...

developed from the apocrine glands in the skin: "The synapsid branch of the amniote tree that separated from other taxa in the Pennsylvanian (>310 million...

(2004). "Error in estimation of rate and time inferred from the early Amniote fossil record and avian molecular clocks" (PDF). Journal of Molecular Evolution...

cleidoic eggs) Sauropsida (all true 'reptiles') Synapsida (all 'mammal-like amniotes') Pelycosauria Therapsida (in particular, the Cynodontia) Mammalia (bear...

metabolism. However, we now know that amphibia gave rise to early egg-laying amniotes. These gave rise to sauropsids (the ancestors of reptiles and birds) and...

2004. Vertebrate palaeontology. p. 300 Carrano, Matthew T. et al 2006. Amniote paleobiology: perspectives on the evolution of mammals, birds, and reptiles...

'Romer's Gap'. Nature 418, 72–76 [1] 2005. Fossil vertebrates: Palaeozoic non-amniote tetrapods. Encyclopaedia of Geology. Elsevier, Oxford 2: 468-497 2005....

easier to read. We do not know exactly where turtles came from. Early amniotes had no openings in the skull behind the eyes. Holes started to appear in...

earliest known reptile in the history of life, but not the earliest known amniote. In 2002, Hylonomus lyelli was named the provincial fossil of Nova Scotia...

A most striking example is the cleidoic egg, which developed in early amniotes, and permitted vertebrates to invade the land. The cleidoic egg must have...

reptiles and birds. This suggests that the common ancestor of tetrapods and amniotes (~360 million years ago) had full color vision: "rods and four spectral...

This is an overall increase of four or more times the volume of basal amniote brains. Very likely this involved the development of the neocortex, "one...

cows, therefore is a secondary feature". They comment "obligate marine amniotes appear to have evolved almost exclusively from viviparous land ancestors"...

of eggs and the cloaca are basal traits which are present in all early amniotes, including reptiles, birds and early mammals. The solitary Short-beaked...

taxonomy reptiles are all amniotes except mammals and birds, thus including the synapsids as well as the first basal amniotes. With the rise of classification...

three crocodilian genomes to illuminate the evolution of archosaurs and amniotes". Genome Biology. 13 (1) 415. doi:10.1186/gb-2012-13-1-415. PMC 3334581...