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Trgovačka ruta predstavlja logističku mrežu u smislu puteva i stanica koji služe za komercijalni prijevoz tereta. Trgovačka ruta ima za svrhu omogućiti robama da dopru do udaljenih tržišta, te sadrži saobraćajne arterije koje mogu biti povezane sa manjim mrežama za komercijalni i nekomercijalni prijevoz.^[1]

Kroz historiju, odnosno u periodu od oko 1532. pne. do 1. n.e. zapadnoazijske, mediteranske, južnoazijske (indijske) i istočnoazijske (kineske) kulture i civilizacije su razvile važne prijevozne mreže za trgovinu.^[2] Rane trgovačke rute u Evropi su uključivale Jantarni put, koji je služio kao pouzdana mreža za trgovinu na dalje staze.^[3] Pomorska trgovina duž Puta začina je postala važna u srednjem vijeku; države su se s vremenom počele koristiti oružjem kako bi kontrolirali ovu važnu rutu.^[4] Za vrijeme srednjeg vijeka su se razvile i organizacije poput Hanze, čija je svrha bila zaštiti trgovce i trgovinu duž trgovačkih ruta, a koje su postale izuzetno važne i uticajne.^[5]

S dolaskom modernih vremena, komercijalna aktivnost se preselila sa tradicionalnih trgovačkih ruta Starog svijeta na rute između modernih nacionalnih država. Ove aktivnosti su se ponekad obavljale bez tradicionalne zaštite trgovine i pod međunarodnim sporazumima o slobodnoj trgovini, koji su dozvolili komercijalnim dobrima da prelaze granice uz blaža ograničenja.^[6] Inovativne tehnike transporta u posljednje vrijeme uključuju cjevovode, odnosno željezničke, automobilske rute i transportne aviolinije.

Napomene

↑ Ciolek, T. Matthew.. „Old World Trade Routes (OWTRAD) Project”. Asia Pacific Research Online.
↑ Denemark 2000: 274
↑ Burns 2003: 213
↑ Donkin 2003: 169
↑ Dollinger 1999: 62
↑ free trade. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05.

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