Sedisvakancija

Prazna stolica ili sedisvakancija (od lat. sede vacante), izraz kojim se, prema kanonskom pravu Rimokatoličke Crkve, označava vrijeme dok je upražnjena papinska ili biskupska stolica (katedra). Biskupska stolica postaje prazna smrću dijecezanskog biskupa, odreknućem koje prihvati papa, premještanjem ili oduzećem priopćenim biskupu.

U biskupijama gdje postoji biskup koadjutor, on odmah postaje biskup nakon što stolica postane prazna. U biskupijama gdje postoje pomoćni biskup, vlast upravljanja biskupijom nakon što stolica postane prazna ima pomoćni biskup, sve do postavljanja dijecezanskog upravitelja, a kad ih je više, onaj koji je stariji po promaknuću. Ako pak nema pomoćnog biskupa, biskupijom upravlja zbor savjetnika, osim ako Sveta Stolica ne odredi drugačije. U roku od osam dana od primitka obavijest da je biskupska stolica prazna zbor savjetnika treba izabrati dijecezanskog upravitelja (administratora). Za dijecezanskog upravitelja može se valjano odrediti samo svećenik koji je navršio trideset pet godina života i koji nije već izabran, imenovan ili predložen za istu praznu stolicu. Ako dijecezanski upravitelj zbog bilo kojeg razloga ne bude zakonito izabran u propisano vrijeme, vlast da odredi dijecezanskog upravitelja pripada metropolitu; ako je pak prazna sama metropolitanska Crkva ili metropolitanska zajedno sa sufraganskom, sufraganskom biskupu najstarijem po promaknuću. Služba dijecezanskog upravitelja prestaje kad novi biskup preuzme biskupiju u posjed.

Sedisvakancija Svete Stolice

Grb Svete Stolice tijekom sede vacante

Izraz "prazna stolica" (sede vacante) također se odnosi i Svetu Stolicu koja postaje prazna nakon smrti pape ili njegovog odreknuća, a praznu stolicu predstavlja katedra u Bazilici sv. Ivana Lateranskog, katedralnoj crkvi biskupa Rima. U tom razdoblju Svetom Stolicom upravlja Kardinalski zbor s ograničenim ovlastima.

Spisak sede vakante perioda od 19. veka

prethodni papa naredni papa početak kraj trajanje
Pije VII Lav XII 20. avgust, 1823. 28. septembar 1823. 39 dana
Lav XII Pije VIII 10. februar 1829. 31. mart 1829. 49 dana
Pije VIII Grgur XVI 1. decembar 1830. 2. februar 1831. 63 dana
Grgur XVI Pije IX 1. jun 1846. 16. jun 1846. 15 dana
Pije IX Lav XIII 7. februar 1878. 20. februar 1878. 13 dana
Lav XIII Pije X 20. jul 1903. 4. avgust 1903. 15 dana
Pije X Benedikt XV 20. avgust 1914. 3. septembar 1914. 14 dana
Benedikt XV Pije XI 22. januar 1922. 6. februar 1922. 15 dana
Pije XI Pije XII 10. februar 1939. 2. mart 1939. 20 dana
Pije XII Jovan XXIII 9. oktobar 1958. 28. oktobar 1958. 19 dana
Jovan XXIII Pavle VI 3. jun 1963. 21. jun 1963. 18 dana
Pavle VI Jovan Pavle I 6. avgust 1978. 26. avgust 1978. 20 dana
Jovan Pavle I Jovan Pavle II 28. septembar 1978. 16. oktobar 1978. 19 dana
Jovan Pavle II Benedikt XVI 2. april 2005. 19. april 2005. 17 dana

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