Paul Samuelson

Paul A. Samuelson (1997)

Paul A. Samuelson (15. maj 1915 – 13. decembar 2009) je bio jedan od najvećih ekonomista našeg doba. Mnogo hvaljen, ali isto tako i osporavan od strane neistomišljenika, poznat je u cijelom svijetu. Prvi je Amerikanac koji je dobio Nobelovu nagradu za ekonomiju 1970. godine. Pisac mnogih djela od kojih je prvo značajnije "Foundations of Economic Analysis" (Osnove ekonomske analize) izašlo 1947. godine, i doprinijelo oživljavanju Neoklasične ekonomije, kao i uvođenju matematike u većem obimu u ekonomiju. Njegovo vjerovatno i najpoznatije djelo "Economics: An Introductory Analysis" (Ekonomija - uvodna analiza, 1948. godine) je najbolje prodavana knjiga s područja ekonomije u cijelom svijetu. Prevedena na više od 40 jezika, ta je knjiga doprinijela i "slomu centralističkih ekonomija", kako kaže sam Samuelson. Nakon 50 godina postojanja knjiga je prodana u preko milion primjeraka, doživjela je 15 izdanja, a zadnje se koristi kao udžbenik i na Ekonomskim fakultetima širom Bosne i Hercegovine. Pored ove dvije knjige Samuelson je objavio više djela od kojih ćemo neka nabrojati na kraju teksta.[1][2][3]

Profesor Samuelson je bio aktivan u mnogim organizacijama, između ostalog je bio i član Američke akademije nauka i umjetnosti, te član i bivši predsjednik (1951) Ekonometrijskog društva, a pored svog doktorata nosilac je još nekoliko titula počasnog doktora prestižnih univerziteta.

Biografija

Rođen je u Garyu, Indiana, SAD, 15. maja 1915. godine. 1935. godine diplomira na Univerzitetu u Čikagu, gdje se ističe kao briljantan student, da bi već godinu kasnije magistrirao na tom istom univerzitetu. Doktorira iz filozofije brani na Harwardu 1941. godine. Već od 1940. predavač je na MIT-u, a 1945. radi kao vanredni profesor predmeta – međunarodni ekonomski odnosi na Fletcherovoj školi prava i diplomatije. Redovni profesor na MIT-u postaje 1947. godine. Tu osniva čuveni postdiplomski studij ekonomije, koji postaje jedno od najmoćnijih ekonomskih odsjeka prošloga vijeka. Uskoro mu se, na tom studiju, pridružuje i R.M. Solow, koji piše neka djela zajedno s Samuelsonom i postaje njegov "saučesnik u zločinu".

Bio je i član mnogih odbora i grupa, a mi ćemo ih samo nabrojati, bez podrobnijeg upuštanja u analizu njegovog rada u njima.

Od 1941. do 1943. u Odboru je za upravljanje nacionalnim resursima (zadužen za planiranje nastavka pune zaposlenosti za vrijeme rata); u Odboru za ratnu proizvodnju i Uredu za ratnu mobilizaciju i obnovu tokom 1945. (ekonomski i opći plan); u Trezoru Sjedinjenih Američkih Država od 1945. od 1952.; u Uredu za proračun, 1952; u Savjetodavnoistraživackom odboru Komisije predsjednikovih državnih ciljeva (The Research Advisory Panel to the President's National Goals Commission), 1959 - 1960; u Savjetodavnom odboru za ekonomski razvoj (The ResearchAdvisory Board Committee for Economic Development), 1960. Bio je član Nacionalne grupe za ekonomsko obrazovanje (The National Task Forceon Economic Education), 1960 - 1961. i radio kao konsultant za Rand Corporation od 1949. Neslužbeni savjetnik Trezora Sjedinjenih Američkih Država i Odbora ekonomskih savjetnika (The Council of Economic Advisors). Bio je ekonomski savjetnik senatoru, kandidatu i kasnije izabranom predsjedniku John F. Kennedyu te je 1961. bio autor Izvještaja o stanju americke privrede (January 5, 1961. Samuelson Report on the State of the American Economy to President; Kennedy). 1965. odabran je za predsjednika Međunarodnog privrednog udruženja. Profesor Samuelson bio je aktivan u mnogim organizacijama. Bio je član Američke akademije nauka i umjetnosti, Američkog filozofskog udruženja i Britanske akademije; član i bivši predsjednik (1961) Medunarodnog privrednog udruženja; član i bivši predsjednik (1951) Ekonometrijskog društva. (Napomena – Popis organizacija kojih je Samuelson bio član prenijeli smo s hrvatske Wikipedie).

Dobitnik je Nobelove nagrade za ekonomiju 1970. U obrazloženju komiteta za dodjelu nagrade kao razlog dodjele nagrade se navodi: "Naučni rad kojim je razvio statičnu i dinamičnu ekonomsku teoriju i aktivno doprinio povećanju nivoa analize u ekonomskoj nauci".

Umro je 13. decembra 2009, u 94. godini.

Povezano

Bibliografija

  • Economics. 19th edition, 2009. ISBN 978-0-07-126383-2 (englisch)
  • Foundations of Economic Analysis, 2. Ed., 1982.
  • „Interactions between the Multiplier Analysis and the Principle of Acceleration.“ in Review of Economics and Statistics, S. 75–78, Mee 1939.
  • „International Trade and the Equalization of Factor Prices.“ in Economic Journal, Nr.58, Juni 1948, S. 163–84.
  • Samuelson P.-A., Dorfman Robert, Solow Robert, Linear Programming and Economic Activity, 1958.
  • „A Note on the Pure Theory of Consumers' Behavior.“ in Economica NS, Nr.5, Februar 1938, S. 61–71.
  • „The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure.“ in Review of Economics and Statistics, November 1954, S. 387–89

Reference

  1. Frost, Greg (Dec 13, 2009). „Nobel-winning economist Paul A. Samuelson dies at age 94”. MIT News.  "In a career that spanned seven decades, he transformed his field, influenced millions of students and turned MIT into an economics powerhouse"
  2. Parker, Randall E. (2002), Reflections on the Great Depression, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, p. 25, ISBN 1-84376-335-4 
  3. Weinstein, Michael M. (December 13, 2009). „Paul A. Samuelson, Economist, Dies at 94”. New York Times. 

Literatura

  • Dixit, Avinash (2012), „Paul Samuelson's Legacy”, Annual Review of Economics (Annual Reviews) 4: 1–31, DOI:10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-110957 
  • Fischer, Stanley (1987), „Samuelson, Paul Anthony”, The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics (London: Macmillan) 4: pp. 234–241, ISBN 0-935859-10-1 .
  • Silk, Leonard (1976), The Economists, New York: Basic Books, ISBN 0-465-01810-6 .
  • Sobel, Robert (1980), The Worldly Economists, New York: Free Press, ISBN 0-02-929780-X .
  • Fusfeld, Daniel R. (2002), „The Neoclassical Synthesis”, The Age of the Economist (9th izd.), Boston: Addison-Wesley, pp. 198–201, ISBN 0-321-08812-3 .

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