Mälaren

Mälaren
Karta jezera Mälaren
Lokacija
Države Švedska
GradoviVästerås, Stockholm, Södertälje
Koordinate59°30′0″N17°12′0″E
Hidrografija
Vrstaprotočno
Površina1140 km²
Volumen14 km³
Aps. visina0,3 m
Dužina120 km
Dubina64 m
OtociSelaön, Svartsjölandet
Hidrologija
PritokeArbogaån, Eskilstunaån, Fyrisån, Hedströmmen, Kolbäcksån, Örsundaån, Sagån, Svartån
OdljevNorrström
Karta
Mälaren na mapi Švedske
Mälaren

Mälaren je treće po veličini jezero u Švedskoj, koje leži zapadno od Stockholma.[1]

Geografija

Mälaren leži na istoku Švedske, grad Stockholm leži na spoju jezera sa zaljevom Saltsjön, krakom Baltičkog mora.

Nekad davno je i jezero Mälaren bilo jedan od baltičkih zaljeva, pa su i oceanski brodovi mogli njime doploviti daleko u unutrašnjost Švedske. Zbog kretanja zemljine kore, negdje oko 1200. stijene na ulazu u zaljev toliko su se uzdigle od dna, da brodovi više nisu mogli u njega uplovljavati, a nakon tog je zaljev postao pravo jezero.[1]

S površinom od 1140 km² i dužinom od oko 120 km unutar švedskog kopna, jezero je oduvjek bilo velika prometnica. Najveća dubina mu iznosi 64, a prosječna 13 metara. Zajedno sa jezerom Hjälmaren pokriva sliv od 21.130 km². Leži na samo 0,3 metara iznad razine mora, pa ponekad voda umjesto da istječe iz jezera u more, počinje obrnuto teći.

Plovnim kanalom povezano je sa jezerom Hjälmaren na jugozapadu, a kanalom Södertälje uz još dva kanala u Stockholmu povezano sa Baltikom na istoku.[1]

Na jezeru ima više od 1200 otoka, ukupne površine od 489 km², a njegove duboko razvedene šumovite obale su toliko atraktivne da su postale izuzetno popularna rezidencijalna zona, naročito za građane obližnjeg Stockholma, a i za brojne manje gradove koji leže duž njegovih obala.[1]

Tako da duž jezera leže brojne historijske građevine, pored Mariefreda leži dvorac Gripsholm, kog je 1537. počeo graditi kralj Gustav I Vasa, danas je poznat po velikoj kolekciji portreta.[1]

U biskupskoj palači grada Strängnäsa je Gustav Vasa bio izabran za švedskog kralja 1523. U Drottningholmu (Kraljičin otok) nalazi se ljetna rezidencija švedskih monarha Palača Drottningholm iz 17. vijeka sa raskošnim parkom i vrtovima.[1]

Na sjevernom kraku jezera južno od Uppsale leži dvorac Skokloster, koji ima izuzetnu zbirku oružja uključujući i ono iz Tridesetogodišnjeg rata (1618. - 1648.).[1]

Izvori

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 Lake Mälar (engleski). Encyclopædia Britannica. Pristupljeno 5. 4. 2015. 

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