Centralna čileanska dolina

Centralna čileanska dolina
Valle Central
Karta doline
Karta doline
Karta doline
Država  Čile

Centralna čileanska dolina (španjolski: Valle Central) je geološka depresija u sredini Čilea između Anda na istoku i Obalnih Kordiljera na zapadu, koja se proteže u dužinu od nekih 650 km od Chacabuca na sjeveru do rijeke Biobío na jugu.[1]

Geografske karakteristike

Dolina je poljoprivredno srce Čilea, ravnica široka 64 - 72 km, koja se sastoji od debelog sloja aluvijalnog tla kog su nataložile glavne rijeke doline; Maipo, Rapel, Cachapoal, Teno, Maule, Itata i Ñuble.[1]

Klima u dolini je mediteranska sa suhim ljetima i blagim kišovitim zimama, karakterističnim za zapadne obale svih kontinenata između 30 ° i 40 ° geografske širine.[1]

Vegetacija varira sa nadmorskom visinom, uz more do 760 metara, raste jedna vrsta krumpira (Solanum maritimum), karakteristične biljke toga kraja su drvoliki ljiljani i nisko drveće poput bagrema, koje ne zahtjeva puno vode. Orginalni šumski pokrov, je vremenom zbog urbanizacije i širenja oranica podlegao deforestaciji.[1]

Dolina je bila cilj španjolske kolonizacije koja je započela sredinom 16. vijeka. U njoj i danas živi većina Čileanaca, ona je vodeći kraj u poljoprivredi, tu se nalazi oko 40 % svih oranica u zemlji i većina vinograda.

Glavni grad zemlje Santiago de Chile, smješten je na sjevernom kraju doline. Južno od njega duž magistralne željezničke pruge sjever-jug i Panameričkog autoputa leže četiri naredna velika urbana centra - Rancagua, Talca, Chillán i Temuco.[1]

Izvori

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Central Valley Chile (engleski). Encyclopædia Britannica. Pristupljeno 24. 10. 2020. 

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