Точные науки

Точные науки (англ. Exact sciences) — отрасли науки, в которых изучают количественно точные закономерности и используются строгие методы проверки гипотез, основанные на воспроизводимых экспериментах и строгих логических рассуждениях.

К точным наукам принято относить математику, физику, химию[1], информатику, а также некоторые разделы биологии[2]. Все формальные науки — точные, при этом естественные науки, будучи в значительной части своих разделов точными, формальными не являются. Точные науки могут быть как фундаментальными, так и прикладными.

Точные науки, как правило, противопоставляют гуманитарным наукам и общественным наукам, при этом и в их рамках существуют разделы и направления (в частности, в экономике, лингвистике, психологии, социологии), методологически соответствующие подходам точных наук (например, эконометрика, корпусная лингвистика, когнитивное моделирование, статистическая социология).

Примечания

  1. ↑ «Золушка» становится принцессой, или Место биологии в иерархии наук. Дата обращения: 4 марта 2017. Архивировано 4 марта 2017 года.
  2. ↑ Pierre-Simon Laplace, «A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities» (full text)

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