Осада Биляра

Осада Биляра
Основной конфликт: Монгольское завоевание Волжской Булгарии
Дата 1236 год
Место Биляр
Итог Победа Монгольской империи, уничтожение Биляра.
Противники

Волжская Булгария

Монгольская империя

Командующие

Мир-Гази

Батый

Потери

всё население города

неизвестно

Осада Биляра — осада и взятие монгольскими войсками Биляра, столицы Волжской Булгарии. Произошла в 1236 году, длилась 45 дней[источник не указан 789 дней] и закончилась полным разрушением города.

Осада

Укрепления Биляра состояли из деревянных стен цитадели (толщина до 10 м) площадью 20 га, построенных при основании города в 922/923 годах. Следующая линия состояла из двух валов внутреннего города протяжённостью 5 км, и затем — вал внешнего города протяжённостью 11 км[1].

Под натиском монгольской армии Биляр был взят и разрушен. Об этом событии сообщается в Лаврентьевской летописи:

«В лето 6744 [1236 г.] …приидоша от восточные страны в Болгарьскую землю безбожнии Татарии и взяша Татарове на Болгарскую землю и взяша славныи Великий град Болгарскыи и избиша оружьем от старца и до уного и до сущаго младенца и взяша товара множество, а город ихъ пожгоша огнемъ и всю землю их ихъ поплениша»[2].

Затем монголы уничтожили ещё несколько булгарских городов. Территория Волжской Булгарии была включена в состав Улуса Джучи Монгольской империи.

Позже предпринимались попытки возродить город, но они так и не увенчались успехом.

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ Казаков Е. П., Старостин П. Н., Халиков А. Х. Археологические памятники Татарской АССР. — Казань: Татарское кн. изд-во, 1987, С.63; История татар с древнейших времен в семи томах. Т.2. — Казань: РухИЛ, 2006, С.169.
  2. ↑ ПСРЛ, т.1, С.460.

Литература

  • История Татарстана, Казань, «ТаРИХ», 2001.
  • История Татарской АССР, Казань, Татарское книжное издательство, 1980
  • «Bilär/Биләр». Tatar Encyclopaedia. Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.

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