Звездообразный двигатель

Принципиальное устройство кривошипно-шатунного механизма одного ряда из семи цилиндров
Кривошипно-шатунный и газораспределительный механизмы звездообразного 5-цилиндрового двигателя в работе
Кривошипно-шатунный механизм радиального двурядного 14-цилиндрового двигателя на примере Pratt & Whitney R1830 Twin Wasp
8-цилиндровый звездообразный двигатель в гоночном автомобиле (1935 год)[1]

Звёздообразный, или радиальный двигатель — поршневой двигатель внутреннего сгорания, цилиндры которого расположены радиальными лучами вокруг одного коленчатого вала через равные углы. Звездообразный двигатель имеет небольшую длину и позволяет компактно размещать большое количество цилиндров. Нашёл широкое применение в авиации.

Главное отличие звездообразного двигателя от поршневых двигателей других типов заключается в конструкции кривошипно-шатунного механизма. Один шатун является главным (он похож на шатун обычного двигателя с рядным расположением цилиндров), остальные являются прицепными и крепятся к главному шатуну по его периферии (такой же принцип применяется в некоторых V-образных двигателях). Эксплуатационным недостатком любого звездообразного двигателя является возможность протекания масла в нижние цилиндры во время стоянки, в связи с чем требуется перед запуском двигателя убедиться в отсутствии масла в нижних цилиндрах. Запуск двигателя при наличии масла в нижних цилиндрах приводит к гидроудару и поломке кривошипно-шатунного механизма.

В зависимости от размеров и мощности двигателя, звездообразные двигатели могут за счёт удлинения коленчатого вала образовывать несколько звёзд-отсеков.

Четырёхтактные звездообразные моторы обычно имеют нечётное число цилиндров в отсеке — это позволяет давать искру в цилиндрах «через один». Возможна работа и с чётным количеством цилиндров (чаще всего — при расположении цилиндров в несколько рядов).

См. также

Примечания

  1. MONACO - TROSSI mod. da competizione. museoauto.it. Дата обращения: 28 октября 2012. Архивировано из оригинала 3 июня 2011 года.

Литература

  • Кузьмин Г. А. «Конструкция авиационных двигателей». — Москва: Государственное научно-техническое издательство «Оборонгиз», 1962. — С. 362-437. — 442 с.

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