Гиромагнитное отношение

Гиромагни́тное отноше́ние (магнитомехани́ческое отноше́ние) — отношение дипольного магнитного момента элементарной частицы (или системы элементарных частиц) к её механическому моменту.

В системе СИ единицей измерения гиромагнитного отношения является с·А·кг−1 = с−1·Тл−1. Часто подразумевается, что гиромагнитное отношение измеряется в единицах q/(2m) (в СИ) или q/(2mc) (в СГС), где сскорость света, q и mзаряд и масса частицы, соответственно. В этом случае оно выражается безразмерной величиной.

Для различных состояний атомной системы гиромагнитное отношение определяется формулой

где gмножитель Ланде (частный случай g-фактора), γ0 — единица гиромагнитного отношения, в системе СГС имеющая вид:

где eэлементарный заряд, me — масса электрона, с — скорость света. В СИ единица гиромагнитного отношения имеет вид:

В случае ядер, за единицу гиромагнитного отношения принимают величину

где mp — масса протона.

Согласно классической теории, гиромагнитное отношение является коэффициентом пропорциональности между угловой скоростью прецессии магнитного момента, помещённого во внешнее магнитное поле, и вектором магнитной индукции.

В квантовой теории гиромагнитным отношением определяется величина расщепления уровней в эффекте Зеемана.

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