Акутан (вулкан)

Вулкан Акутан
англ. mount Akutan
Вулкан Акутан (1987 г.). Снимок USGS.
Вулкан Акутан (1987 г.). Снимок USGS.
Характеристики
Форма вулканаСтратовулкан 
Период образованияПлейстоцен 
Последнее извержение1992 
Тип изверженияЭксплозивный 
СоставАндезиты, базальты 
Высшая точка
Абсолютная высота1303[1] м
Относительная высота1303 м
Расположение
54°08′49″ с. ш. 165°58′24″ з. д.HGЯO
Страна
ШтатАляска
БороАлеутские острова
ОстровАкутан 
Хребет или массивАлеутский хребет

  • VOGRIPA1065
  • GNIS1854189
  • GVP311320
Северная Америка
Красная точка
Вулкан Акутан
Аляска
Красная точка
Вулкан Акутан
Логотип Викисклада Медиафайлы на Викискладе

Акутан — действующий вулкан, расположенный на одноимённом острове, состоящий в архипелаге Алеутских островов, входящих в состав штата Аляска, США.

Акутан — стратовулкан, высотой 1303 метра. Акутан расположен в кальдере диаметром 2 километра и глубиной 365 метров. Вулкан состоит из 2 конусов. Сама кальдера в которой находится вулкан была сформирована 1600 лет тому назад. Возле вулкана находится 3 небольших вулканических озера. В настоящее время активен более высокий конус вулкана с редкими выбросами лавы на поверхность. В самом кратере большего конуса вулкана наблюдается фумарольная активность. К северо-востоку от вулкана есть горячие источники. Старые магматические породы вулкана относятся к андезитам, более молодые к базальтам.

Начиная с 1790 года вулкан извергался более 35 раз. Извержения вулкана имеют как правило умеренный характер и длятся не более нескольких недель. Извержения сопровождаются выбросом вулканического пепла, вулканических бомб, образованием пирокластических и лавовых потоков, лахарами, камнепадом. В результате извержения более низкого конуса вулкана в 1852 году площадь острова увеличилась. Во время извержения 1978 года лавовые потоки Акутана чуть не достигли вод Тихого океана. Выше всего вулканический пепел поднялся в результате извержения вулкана в 1991 году — на 4500 метров. Последний раз вулкан дал о себе знать 18 декабря 1992 года незначительными взрывными действиями из конуса вулкана и выбросами пара из боковых трещин склона вулкана. В период с 1992 по 1996 года наблюдалась слабая сейсмоактивность, которая дала вновь о себе вновь в марте 2012 года. Тогда у вулкана наблюдался незначительный выброс пара.

Рядом с вулканом живут потомки местного населения и занимаются переработкой рыбы.

Примечания

  1. Вулкан Акутан (англ.). Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Дата обращения: 2 августа 2012.

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