Substituție nucleofilă

În chimie, substituția nucleofilă (SN) este un tip fundamental de reacție chimică în cadrul căreia o specie chimică nucleofilă bogată în electroni se leagă în mod selectiv sau se atașează de un atom sau un grup de atomi, iar fiindcă este o reacție de substituție, unii atomi sau grupe vor fi substituite. Entitatea moleculară de care aparține electrofilul și grupele substituite se numește substrat.[1][2]

Forma generală a acestui tip de reacție este următoarea:

Nuc: + R-LG → R-Nuc + LG:

Tipuri

Există mai multe tipuri de substituție nucleofilă. De exemplu, după numărul de molecule implicate în etapa determinantă de viteză a unei reacții există:

Reacții

R-XR-H folosind LiAlH4   (SN2)
R-Br + OHR-OH + Br (SN2) sau
R-Br + H2O → R-OH + HBr   (SN1)
R-Br + OR'R-OR' + Br   (SN2)

Vezi și

Referințe

  1. ^ J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th ed., Wiley, New York, 1992.
  2. ^ R. A. Rossi, R. H. de Rossi, Aromatic Substitution by the SRN1 Mechanism, ACS Monograph Series No. 178, American Chemical Society, 1983. ISBN: 0-8412-0648-1.


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