Segunda Batalha de Copenhague

Segunda Batalha de Copenhague
Parte das Guerras Napoleônicas

Incêndio de Copenhague durante o ataque britânico. Obra de C.W. Eckersberg.
Data 15 de agosto7 de setembro de 1807
Local Copenhague, Dinamarca
Coordenadas 55° 40' 46" N 12° 34' 22" E
Desfecho Vitória decisiva britânica
Beligerantes
Reino Unido Reino Unido Dinamarca Dinamarca e Noruega
Comandantes
James Gambier
Lord Cathcart
Ernst Peynmann
Baixas
42 mortos,
145 feridos,
24 desaparecidos[1]
3 000 soldados e milicianos, 195 civis. Frota inteira se rendeu aos britânicos.[1]

A Segunda Batalha de Copenhague (16 de agosto a 5 de setembro de 1807) foi um ataque naval da Royal Navy contra a capital dinamarquesa, Copenhague.

O governo britânico decidiu capturar a frota dinamarquesa para evitar que terminasse caindo nas mãos de Napoleão Bonaparte e atacou Copenhague sem declaração de guerra prévia. Naquele momento, o exército dinamarquês, sob o comando do príncipe herdeiro Frederico, defendia as fronteiras do sul contra possíveis ataques franceses, pelo que a defesa de Copenhague se encontrava limitada.

As tropas britânicas do general Wellesley derrotaram às fracas defesas dinamarquesas próximo de Køge, ao sul de Copenhague. Em poucos dias, Copenhague estava cercada por completo.

Os ingleses ofereceram aceitar a rendição dinamarquesa, mas depois das negativas, a frota britânica do Almirante James Gambier bombardeou a cidade desde 2 a 5 de setembro de 1807. No dia 7, o general dinamarquês Peymann rendeu tanto a cidade como a frota (18 navíos, uma fragata, uma barcaça, dois barcos, duas corvetas, 7 bergantins com artilharia, 2 bergantins, uma goleta e 25 canhoneiras) às superiores forças ingleses e de Hanôver, essas sob o comando do general Lord Cathcart. Além disso foram destruídos três navios de 74 canhões que se encontravam nos estaleiros.

Nessa ação mais de 150 civis perderam a vida e 30% dos edifícios da cidade de Copenhague foram destruídos.[2][3] Em 21 de outubro de 1807, a frota inglesa deixou Copenhague junto a seus barcos aprisionados com destino ao Reino Unido, ainda que a guerra continuasse até 1814, quando foi assinado o Tratado de Kiel.

O navio Neptuno encalhou e foi incendiado na ilha de Hven, e uma tempestade afundou 22 das canhoneiras em Categate. Dos navios que chegaram a Inglaterra, só 4 (Christian VII 80, Dannemark 74, Norge 74 e Princess Carolina 74) puderam ser preparados para entrar em serviço.

Referências

  1. a b Smith, D. p. 254
  2. Hans Michael Jelsdorf, Surgeon General and Chief of Defence Health. "Hospitalsberedskab og lægelig behandling under belejringen i 1807" (Hospital Emergency and medical treatment during the siege in 1807). Krigshistorisk Tidsskrift 2007. Citado em http://www.1807.dk/tabstal%20civile.htm, acessado em 2 de setembro de 2013.
  3. Jens Vibæk. Politiken Danmarkshistorie, p 292 (1964). Citado em http://www.1807.dk/tabstal%20civile.htm, acessado em 2 de setembro de 2013.

Fontes

  • Wendy Hinde, George Canning (Purnell Books Services, 1973).
  • Smith, D. The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book. Greenhill Books, 1998.
  • Winfield, Rif. British Warships in the Age of Sail, 1793 – 1817. Chatham Publishing, 2005.
  • Munch-Petersen, Thomas. Defying Napoleon. How Britain bombarded Copenhagen and seized the Danish Fleet in 1807. Sutton Publishing, 2007

Fichas individuais em dinamarquês para navios da Marinha Real Dinamarquesa costumavam ser encontradas na Internet em Orlogmuseet Skibregister, mas este é agora um link morto (a partir de fevereiro de 2013) . Um novo site dinamarquês do Museu naval está disponível aqui com um link para uma página de nomes dos navios para os quais há dados.
O seguinte site em dinamarquês ou em inglês dá a lista dos navios, conforme registrado pelos dinamarqueses, "com força tomadas" pelos britânicos em setembro de 1807 em Copenhague. As referências, em dinamarquês, são as seguintes:

  • (em dinamarquês) Efterretning om det bekendte af den danske Flaades Tjeneste, efter Alphabetisk Orden, med adskillige Bilage, fra Aar 1752 og til den Dag, da Engelland voldsom bortførte samme i 1807, by Rear Admiral P. Ramshart, published by Hof- og Universitetsbogtrykker E. U. H. Møller, Copenhagen, 1808
  • (em dinamarquês) De så det ske - ENGLANDSKRIGENE 1801-14, by Lars Lindeberg, Lademann Forlagsaktieselskab, Copenhagen 1974

Ligações externas


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