Reviravolta de Constantino

O Batismo de Constantino, por Rafael

Reviravolta de Constantino (em inglês: Constantinian shift) é o termo usado por teólogos de Igrejas anabatistas e outras correntes protestantes para descrever o período da história do cristianismo, que teria se iniciado com as relações entre o imperador romano Constantino I e os cristãos.

Esses críticos consideram que Constantino teria provocado uma "reviravolta", na qual o cristianismo seria manipulado pela elite e pelo Estado, e teria se tornado justificação religiosa para o exercício do poder.

Críticas

Os defensores da “Reviravolta de Constantino” são criticados por atestar que o sincretismo religioso supostamente iniciado com a conversão de Constantino teria fundamento certas doutrinas cristãs, quando na realidade elas existiam antes dessa época (nos séculos I, II e III), especialmente como o uso do termo catolicismo,[1] o papado,[2][3] a guarda do domingo,[4] confecção de ícones[5] e o trinitarismo. [6] Teólogos católicos e ortodoxos sustentam, entre outras, que a "reviravolta de Constantino", é negada no Evangelho de Mateus, Capítulo 16, versículo 19, em que o próprio Jesus Cristo afirma que o mal nunca prevaleceria contra sua Igreja. O fato do imperador Teodósio I ter tornado o cristianismo a religião oficial do Império Romano, e mesmo assim após ordenar o massacre de Tessalônica, ter sido proibido de entrar em igrejas sem arrepender-se,[7] é considerado um contra-aponto desta teoria.

Quanto à questão da religião cristã ter ser tornado a religião do Império Romano, é um fato histórico que em todas as tradições religiosas do mundo até o século XVII o poder político influía de alguma maneira no poder religioso predominante ou vice-versa. Nas tradições budistas, observa-se a teocracia do Tibete pelo Dalai Lama, que só terminou pela invasão chinesa do Tibete em 1959. Na tradição hebraica, esta prática é comum no Torah com Abraão, seguido pelo levita, e continuando até os saduceus. No islamismo o califado goza do estatuto de religião estatal em vários países até a atualidade, como Arábia Saudita, Paquistão e Irã.

Durante a própria Reforma Protestante, os príncipes alemães [8] e mais notavelmente o rei da Inglaterra Henrique VIII intervieram na Reforma. [9] Muitos países europeus foram e continuam tendo suas próprias Igrejas protestantes, por exemplo, a Igreja da Dinamarca, Igreja da Noruega e a Igreja da Islândia (igrejas protestantes que estão fora da comunhão com a Católica Romana e Ortodoxa Oriental), e também as igrejas anglicanas como a Igreja da Inglaterra e a Igreja Anglicana do Canadá.

Referências

  1. Woodhead, Linda (2004). «An Introduction to Christianity». Cambridge University Press. Consultado em 18 de novembro de 2008 
  2. Fr. Nicholas Afanassieff: "The Primacy of Peter" Ch. 4, pgs. 126-127 (c. 1992)
  3. Wetterau, Bruce. World history. New York: Henry Holt and company. 1994.
  4. Alexander Roberts, D.D. & James Donaldson, LL.D. (ed.). Chapter LXVII.—Weekly worship of the Christians. The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus. [S.l.: s.n.] Consultado em 13 de janeiro de 2007 
  5. Hippolyte Delehaye SJ, Les origines du culte des martyrs 2nd ed. (Brussels) 1933:50ff.
  6. ABBAGNANO, Nicola. Dicionário de Filosofia. 4 ed. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2000, p. 630.
  7. A. Lippold: Theodosius der Große und seine Zeit. 2nd ed., München 1980, p. 40ff.
  8. História das Religiões. Crenças e práticas religiosas do século XII aos nossos dias. Grandes Livros da Religião. Editora Folio. 2008. Pág.: 49. ISBN 978-84-413-2489-3
  9. História Global Brasil e Geral. Pág.: 161. Volume único. Gilberto Cotrim. ISBN 978-85-02-05256-7

Ver também

Ícone de esboço Este artigo sobre cristianismo é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o.

Read other articles:

အတ္တလန်တစ် အာကာသယာဉ်မှ ရိုက်ကူးထားသည့် နိုင်ငံတကာ အာကာသ စခန်း (၂၃ မေ ၂၀၁၀) နိုင်ငံတကာ အာကာသ စခန်း (International Space Station, ISS) သည် ကမ္ဘာ့မျက်နှာပြင်အထက် ကီလိုမီတာ ၂၀၀၀ အထက် ပတ်လမ်းနိမ့်ပေါ် လွှတ်တင

 

Лабораторія космічних досліджень фізичного факультету Ужгородського національного університетуЛабораторія космічних досліджень Фізичного факультету Ужгородського Національного Університету ПНДЛ ФЕЗ; Uzhhorod National University, Laboratory of space researches. 48°37′53″ пн. ш. 22°17′57″ с

 

العلاقات الأمريكية الغواتيمالية الولايات المتحدة غواتيمالا   الولايات المتحدة   غواتيمالا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الأمريكية الغواتيمالية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين الولايات المتحدة وغواتيمالا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين...

село Костянтинівка Країна  Україна Область Херсонська область Район Каховський район Громада Великолепетиська селищна громада Код КАТОТТГ UA65060030050036974 Основні дані Засноване 1796 Перша згадка 1796 (227 років)[1] Населення 365 Площа 1,307 км² Густота населення 279,27 ос...

 

Lihat pula: Menteri Luar Negeri Menteri Luar Negeri Malaysiaمنتري لوار نڬري مليسياLambangPetahanaZambry Abdul Kadirsejak 3 Desember 2022GelarYang Berhormat Menteri(Yang Terhormat Menteri)Ditunjuk olehYang di-Pertuan Agong atas rekomendasi Perdana Menteri MalaysiaDibentuk31 Agustus 1957 (1957-08-31)Pejabat pertamaTunku Abdul Rahman(sebagai Menteri Eksternal)Situs webwww.kln.gov.my Berikut adalah daftar orang yang pernah menjabat sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri Malaysia...

 

English screenwriter Matt GreenhalghBornSalford, Greater Manchester, EnglandOccupationScreenwriterYears active1999–presentSpouseNicola ShindlerChildren3Websitemattgreenhalgh.co.uk Matthew Greenhalgh is an English screenwriter from Manchester.[1][2] He is best known for writing the screenplay to the film Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool, which earned him a BAFTA Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay.[3] Early life and education Greenhalgh was born in Salf...

Pfarrkirche Johannes der Täufer Straußdorf ist ein Ortsteil der Stadt Grafing bei München im oberbayerischen Landkreis Ebersberg. Die ehemalige Gemeinde Straußdorf wurde zum Abschluss der Gebietsreform in Bayern am 1. Mai 1978 nach Grafing bei München eingemeindet. Sie entspricht etwa der heutigen Gemarkung Straußdorf innerhalb der Stadt Grafing bei München. Straußdorf, gesehen von Voglherd, Blickri. Westen Zur ehemaligen Gemeinde Straußdorf gehörten auch das Dorf Dichau, die Weiler...

 

Clothes-free recreational facility Naturist village redirects here. For the resort in southern France, see Cap d'Agde. Nude club redirects here. For the record label, see Boy Harsher. Sun club redirects here. For the Baltimore rock band, see Sun Club. A naturist resort in Florida, 2014 Main article: Naturism A naturist resort or nudist resort is an establishment that provides accommodation (or at least camping space) and other amenities for guests in a context where they are invited to practi...

 

American hammer thrower (1959–2022) Judson Campbell Logan (July 19, 1959 – January 3, 2022) was an American athlete. He won a gold medal in the hammer throw at the 1987 Pan American Games in Indianapolis. Logan competed in four Summer Olympics, starting in 1984. His best finish was 13th in the qualifying round in 1984.[1][2] Biography Logan had bests of 49-11 (SP) and 171-11 (DT) in high school, but did not qualify for the state meet. He is quoted of saying, And I made it ...

Logo Perusahaan CRI&PRr. Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (CRI&PRR) adalah sebuah jalur kereta api kelas 1 di Amerika Serikat. CRI&PRR juga diketahui dengan nama Rock Island Line, pada tahun terakhirnya The Rock. Rock Island membentang sepanjang Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma dan Texas. Sistem paling timur yang dicapai adalah Chicago, dan sistemnya juga mencapai Memphis, Tennessee, juga mencapai Denver, Colorado, dan S...

 

Scottish Presbyterian minister The ReverendJohn BennieJohn Bennie prior to leaving for the Cape Colony in 1821.Born26 October 1796Glasgow, ScotlandDied9 February 1869(1869-02-09) (aged 72)Rosmead, Cape Colony,NationalityBritishOccupationsClericLinguistAuthorSpouseMargaretha Magdalena MarèParent(s)James Bennie and Margaret ScottReligionChristian (Church of Scotland / Dutch Reformed Church)Ordained1831 John Bennie (1796–1869) was a Presbyterian minister, missionary, and early X...

 

Bus rapid transit route in Indonesia Transjakarta Corridor 11Pulo Gebang – Kampung MelayuThe Stasiun Klender BRT Station is one of the BRT Stations that serves corridor 11OverviewOperator PT. Transportasi Jakarta (infrastructure, fleets, drivers and officers) Perum DAMRI (fleets and drivers) Steady Safe (fleets and drivers) Mayasari Bakti (fleets and drivers) Began serviceDecember 28, 2011 (2011-12-28)RouteRoute typeStreet-level bus rapid transitLocaleEast JakartaLength15 kmS...

This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (September 2016) The notion of a legally sanctioned corporation remains controversial for several reasons, most of which stem from the granting of corporations both limited liability on the part of its members and the status and rights of a legal person. Some opponents to this granting of personhood t...

 

Overview of intersex people's rights in New Zealand Intersex rights in New ZealandNew ZealandProtection of physical integrity and bodily autonomyNoProtection from discriminationNot testedAccess to identification documentsYesAccess to same rights as other men and womenNoChanging M/F sex classificationsYesThird gender or sex classificationsYesMarriageYes Rights by country Argentina Australia Canada Chile China Colombia France Germany Kenya Malta Mexico Nepal New Zealand South Africa Spain Switz...

 

Failed uprising in Cuba against the Spanish Empire (1879-80) Little WarCalixto García, the main organizer of the conflictDateAugust 26, 1879 – December 3, 1880(1 year, 3 months and 1 week)LocationCubaResult Spanish victoryBelligerents Cuban Rebels SpainCommanders and leaders Calixto García Gregorio Benítez † Guillermo Moncada (POW) Arcadio Leyte-Vidal † José Maceo (POW) Rafael Maceo (POW) Serafín Sánchez Limbano Sánchez (POW) F...

Suborder of molluscs Sea butterfliesTemporal range: Late Paleocene–recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Limacina helicina Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropoda Subclass: Heterobranchia Clade: Euopisthobranchia Order: Pteropoda Suborder: ThecosomataBlainville, 1824 Families Limacinidae Cavoliniidae Cliidae Creseidae Cuvierinidae Praecuvierinidae Peraclididae Cymbuliidae Desmopteridae Sea butterflies, scientific name Thecosomata (th...

 

Village in New Brunswick, Canada 46°07′N 63°47′W / 46.117°N 63.783°W / 46.117; -63.783 LighthouseCape Tormentine range lights LocationWestmorland County, Canada Coordinates46°08′06″N 63°46′20″W / 46.134872°N 63.772203°W / 46.134872; -63.772203Cape Tormentine front range light Constructed1901; 122 years ago (1901) (first)Constructionmasonry towerHeight11 metres (36 ft)Shapequadrangular towe...

 

2010 video game 2010 video gameBattle of the ImmortalsDeveloper(s)Beijing Perfect WorldPublisher(s)TR: JoygameCN: Beijing Perfect WorldNA: Perfect World EntertainmentSK: NexonVN: VinagameDesigner(s)Liao (Fruit) ShuiguoPlatform(s)WindowsReleaseMay 4, 2010Genre(s)MMORPGMode(s)MMO Battle of the Immortals was a free-to-play massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) by Perfect World Entertainment. Beta began on April 14, 2010,[1][2] and is open to all users with a Per...

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Here Nokia – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR HERESebelumnyaNavteq, Ovi Maps, Nokia Maps,IndustriPemetaan webKantorpusatEindhoven, BelandaWilayah operasiSeluruh duniaTokohkunciEdzar...

 

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с фамилией Юджель. Джан Юджельтур. Can Yücel Дата рождения 21 августа 1926(1926-08-21)[1][2] Место рождения Константинополь, Турция[2] Дата смерти 12 августа 1999(1999-08-12) (72 года) Место смерти Измир, Турция[2] Страна  Турция Род ...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!