Primeira Guerra Anglo-Birmanesa

Primeira Guerra Anglo-Birmanesa
Guerras anglo-birmanesas

A conquista de uma das principais paliçadas, perto de Rangoon, no dia 8 de julho de 1824
Data 5 de março de 1824 – 24 de fevereiro de 1826
Local Birmânia, Bengala Oriental, Assam, Manipur, Cachar e Jaintia
Desfecho Vitória britânica, Tratado de Yandabo
Mudanças territoriais A Birmânia cede Assam, Manipur, Arakan e Tenasserim; perde influência em Cachar e Jaintia; paga um milhão de libras esterlinas em indenização
Beligerantes
Companhia Britânica das Índias Orientais Reino da Birmânia
Comandantes
Sir Archibald Campbell
Joseph Wanton Morrison
Maha Bandula 
Maha Ne Myo 
Minkyaw Zeya Thura
Forças
50 000 40 000
Baixas
15 000 Desconhecidas, mas muito maiores do que os britânicos.

A Primeira Guerra Anglo-Birmanesa (5 de março de 1824 - 24 de fevereiro de 1826) foi a primeira das três guerras travadas entre os britânicos e Império da Birmânia no século XIX. A guerra, que começou principalmente pelo controle do nordeste da Índia, terminou em uma vitória decisiva britânica, dando o controle total aos britânico de Assam, Manipur, Cachar e Jaintia bem como Arakan e Tenasserim.[1]

Os birmaneses foram também forçados a pagar uma indenização de um milhão de libras esterlinas, e assinar um tratado comercial.[2][3]

Antecedentes

A guerra foi a mais longa e mais cara da história da Índia britânica. Quinze mil soldados europeus e indianos morreram, juntamente com um número desconhecido no exército birmanês e vítimas civis. A campanha custou de 5 a 13 milhões de libras britânicas (cerca de 18 500 a 48 000 milhões de dólares americanos em 2006)[4] que levou a uma grave crise econômica na Índia britânica em 1833.[5]

Para os birmaneses, foi o começo do fim de sua independência. O Terceiro Império Birmanês da Dinastia Konbaung, por um breve momento o terror da Índia britânica, estava enfraquecido e não era mais uma ameaça para a fronteira oriental da Índia britânica.[4] Os birmaneses seriam esmagados por muitos anos por ter que pagar a indenização de um milhão de libras (então 5 milhões), uma grande soma, mesmo na Europa da época.[3]

Os britânicos fariam mais duas guerras contra a Birmânia, então muito mais enfraquecida, até conquistar todo o país em 1885.[1]

Causas

Assalto da paliçada em Kemmendine perto de Rangoon no dia 10 Junho 1824

Em 1822, as conquistas birmanesas em Manipur e Assam tinham criado uma longa fronteira entre a Índia britânica e o Reino de Ava. Os britânicos, com sede em Calcutá, tinham seus próprios projetos na região, e apoiavam ativamente rebeliões em Manipur, Assam e Arakan. Calcutá declarou unilateralmente Cachar e Jaintia protetorados britânicos, e enviou tropas.[6]

Notas

Referências

  1. a b Thant Myint-U; "The Making of Modern Burma; pp. Introduction; (2001); Cambridge University Press; ISBN 0521 79914-7
  2. Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1967). History of Burma 2 ed. London: Sunil Gupta. pp. 236–237 
  3. a b Htin Aung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 212, 214–215 
  4. a b Thant Myint-U (2006). The River of Lost Footsteps--Histories of Burma. [S.l.]: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 113, 125–127. ISBN 978-0-374-16342-6 
  5. Webster, Anthony (1998). Gentlemen Capitalists: British Imperialism in South East Asia, 1770-1890. [S.l.]: I.B.Tauris. pp. 142–145, 1860641717. ISBN 9781860641718 
  6. Thant Myint-U, The Making of Modern Burma, pp. 18–19

Fontes

  • Hall, D.G.E. (1945). Europe and Burma, 1824-26. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press 
  • Blackburn, Terence R. (2009). The Defeat of Ava: The First Anglo-Burmese War, 1824-26 Hardcover ed. [S.l.]: A. P. H. Publishing. ISBN 8131305449 

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