Poliporo

Poliporos crescendo numa árvore em Bornéu.

Poliporos[1] são um grupo de cogumelos porosos rijos ou lenhosos, semelhantes aos boletos, embora normalmente não possuam pé. A distinção técnica entre os dois tipos de cogumelos é que os poliporos não têm o tecido portador de esporos contínuo cobrindo toda a parte inferior do cogumelo. Muitos poliporos são "fungos prateleira". Esta forma de cescimento existe em muitas linhas evolutivas diferentes entre os basidiomicetes superiores. Apesar de muitas espécies de poliporos serem membros de Polyporales, existem muitos poliporos que pertencem a outros grupos.

Os poliporos são geralmente encontrados em troncos em decomposição,[2] e são resistentes à decomposição, ao ponto de eles próprios durarem muitas vezes o tempo suficiente para que musgo se desenvolva sobre eles. A resistência à decomposição deve-se à capacidade do cogumelo de produzir compostos com actividade anti-patogénica.[3][4][5][6][7]

Géneros

De modo geral, este grupo inclui trinta géneros:

Usos medicinais

Os poliporos comestíveis são comuns na natureza e segundo o micologista Steve Brill, não existem relatos de espécies venenosas[2]. Alguns poliporos são usados com propósitos rituais e utilitários há muito tempo; o famoso Homem do Gelo levava consigo duas espécies de poliporos. Piptoporus betulinus, notável pelas suas propriedades anti-bacterianas, e Fomes fomentarius, o qual embora possua também propriedades medicinais, seria mais provavelmente usado para acender fogueiras.[8]

Dois poliporos medicinais em uso na actualidade são Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi ou Lingzhi) e Trametes versicolor. Além do seu uso tradicional na medicina herbalista, as investigações contemporâneas sugeriram muitas aplicações para os poliporos no tratamento de doenças relacionadas com o sistema imunitário e recuperação de cancro.

Em estudos publicados em periódicos científicos sujeitos a revisão por pares, alguns cogumelos poliporos mostraram ser úteis no tratamento de uma grande variedade de enfermidades, incluindo infecções bacterianas, cancro, alergias, diabetes mellitus, e problemas neurológicos.[9]

Referências

  1. Infopédia. «poliporo | Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa». Infopédia - Porto Editora. Consultado em 4 de junho de 2022 
  2. a b «Polypores». Consultado em 10 de maio de 2010. Arquivado do original em 19 de abril de 2009 
  3. Collins RA, Ng TB (1997), «Polysaccharopeptide from Coriolus versicolor has potential for use against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection», Life Sci, ISSN 0024-3205, 60 (25): PL383–7, PMID 9194694, doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00294-4 
  4. Moradali MF, Mostafavi H, Hejaroude GA, Tehrani AS, Abbasi M, Ghods S (2006), «Investigation of potential antibacterial properties of methanol extracts from fungus Ganoderma applanatum», Chemotherapy, ISSN 0009-3157, 52 (5): 241–4, PMID 16899973, doi:10.1159/000094866 
  5. Li Y, Yang Y, Fang L, Zhang Z, Jin J, Zhang K (2006), «Anti-hepatitis activities in the broth of Ganoderma lucidum supplemented with a Chinese herbal medicine», Am J Chin Med, ISSN 0192-415X, 34 (2): 341–9, PMID 16552843, doi:10.1142/S0192415X06003874 
  6. Wang HX, Ng TB (2006), «A laccase from the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum», Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, ISSN 0175-7598, 72 (3): 508–13, PMID 16636832, doi:10.1007/s00253-006-0314-9 
  7. Wang H, Ng TB (2006), «Ganodermin, an antifungal protein from fruiting bodies of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum», Peptides, ISSN 0196-9781, 27 (1): 27–30, PMID 16039755, doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2005.06.009 
  8. U. PEINTNER, R. PÖDER and T. PÜMPEL (1998). The iceman's fungi. Mycological Research, 102 , pp 1153-1162 doi:10.1017/S0953756298006546
  9. eCAM 2005 2(3):285-299; doi:10.1093/ecam/neh107 http://ecam.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/2/3/285 Arquivado em 27 de abril de 2009, no Wayback Machine.
  • Este artigo foi inicialmente traduzido, total ou parcialmente, do artigo da Wikipédia em inglês cujo título é «Polypore», especificamente desta versão.

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