Partido Comunista da Alemanha

Partido Comunista da Alemanha
Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands
Partido Comunista da Alemanha
Fundadores Rosa Luxemburgo
Karl Liebknecht
Fundação 1918
Dissolução 1933 (Alemanha Nazi)
1946 (RDA)
1956 (RFA)
Ideologia Comunismo
Marxismo-Leninismo
Espectro político Extrema-esquerda
Ala de juventude Liga Jovem Comunista
Afiliação internacional Comintern

O Partido Comunista de Alemanha (em alemão: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands - KPD) foi um partido político formado em dezembro de 1918 a partir da Liga Espartaquista, que originalmente era uma tendência revolucionária de esquerda no interior do Partido Social-Democrata da Alemanha (SPD), e do grupo Comunistas Internacionalistas da Alemanha (IKD). Ambas as correntes se opuseram à guerra, argumentando que se tratava de um conflito imperialista, no qual a classe operária não tinha nenhum interesse a defender.

História

A Liga Spartacus era dirigida por Rosa Luxemburgo e Karl Liebknecht, que foram assassinados em janeiro de 1919.

O Partido Comunista da Alemanha acabou sofrendo uma cisão quando os comunistas internacionalistas (IKD), juntamente com outros grupos políticos, formaram o Partido Comunista Operário da Alemanha (KAPD), em abril de 1920. A partir desta cisão, o Partido passou a ser comandado por Paul Levi, e foi se tornando cada vez mais próximo ao Partido Social-Democrata Independente e ao Partido Social-Democrata, até cair sob a influência do bolchevismo russo.

Durante a ditadura nazista, o KPD foi brutalmente suprimido, e seus dirigentes, militantes e simpatizantes foram enviados a campos de concentração.[1]

Depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial, na zona de ocupação soviética, o KPD e o SPD unificaram-se para formar o Partido Socialista Unificado da Alemanha (SED), que governaria a República Democrática Alemã até a reunificação do país, em 1990, enquanto que, no lado ocidental, o partido foi banido em 1956, assim permanecendo até a reunificação da Alemanha,[1] quando se converteu no Partido do Socialismo Democrático da Alemanha (PDS), depois chamado Partido da Esquerda (em alemão, Die Linke), que continua sendo uma força política relevante na Alemanha hoje, especialmente no leste.

Resultados Eleitorais

Data CI. Votos % +/- Deputados +/- Status
1920 8.º 589 454
2,1 / 100,0
4 / 459
 Oposição
05/1924 4.º 3 693 280
12,6 / 100,0
 Aumento10,5
62 / 472
 Aumento58 Oposição
12/1924 5.º 2 709 086
9,0 / 100,0
 Baixa3,6
45 / 493
 Baixa17 Oposição
1928 4.º 3 264 793
10,6 / 100,0
 Aumento1,6
54 / 491
 Aumento9 Oposição
1930 3.º 4 590 160
13,1 / 100,0
 Aumento2,5
77 / 577
 Aumento23 Oposição
07/1932 3.º 5 282 636
14,3 / 100,0
 Aumento1,2
89 / 608
 Aumento12 Oposição
11/1932 3.º 5 980 614
16,9 / 100,0
 Aumento2,6
100 / 584
 Aumento11 Oposição
03/1933 3.º 4 848 058
12,3 / 100,0
 Baixa4,6
81 / 647
 Baixa19 Oposição
11/1933 Banido
1936
1938
1949 5.º 1 361 076
5,7 / 100,0
15 / 402
 Oposição
1953 8.º 607 860
2,2 / 100,0
 Baixa3,5
0 / 509
 Baixa15 Extra-parlamentar

Referências

  1. ↑ a b Domenico Losurdo. War and Revolution: Rethinking the 20th Century. Verso. 2015. p 312

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