Messier 30

Messier 30
Messier 30
Messier 30, Telescópio Espacial Hubble
Descoberto por Charles Messier
Data 1764
Dados observacionais (J2000)
Constelação Capricornus
Tipo Aglomerado globular (V)

[1]

Asc. reta 21h 40m 22,12s

[2]

Declinação -23° 10′ 47,5″[2]
Distância 29,4 ± 1,6 kal[3] (9 ± 0,5 kpc)
Magnit. apar. 7,7[4]
Características físicas
Massa 1,6 x 105 M☉[5]
Idade estimada 12,93 bilhões de anos[6]
Outras denominações NGC 7099[4]
Messier 30

Messier 30 (NGC 7099) é um aglomerado globular localizado na constelação de Capricornus. Foi descoberto por Charles Messier em 1764.

M30 está a uma distância de cerca de 26 000 anos-luz da Terra e é, em geral, o último objeto a ser visualizado em uma Maratona Messier, uma competição entre astrônomos amadores com o objetivo de visualizar o maior número possível de objetos Messier em apenas uma única noite.

Descoberta e visualização

O aglomerado globular foi uma das descobertas originais do astrônomo francês Charles Messier, que o catalogou em 3 de agosto de 1764. Descreveu-o como uma nebulosa sem estrelas. Apenas 20 anos mais tarde, William Herschel, descobridor de Urano foi a primeiro a resolver suas estrelas mais brilhantes.[7]

Suas estrelas mais brilhantes podem ser vistas com telescópios amadores de aberturas maiores que 4 polegadas. Em maratonas Messier, onde astrônomos amadores são desafiados a visualizar todos os objetos Messier em apenas uma única noite, Messier 30 geralmente é o último objeto a ser localizado, não por questões de dificuldade, mas pela programação e sua posição na esfera celeste.[7]

Características

Messier 30, Telescópio Espacial Hubble

Está localizado a uma distância de 26 000 anos-luz da Terra. Tem um diâmetro aparente de 12 minutos de grau, o que corresponde a um diâmetro real de 90 anos-luz. Pertence à classe V em densidade estelar, segundo a classificação de aglomerados globulares de Harlow Shapley e Helen Sawyer Hogg. Suas estrelas mais brilhantes, gigantes vermelhas, tem magnitude aparente 12,1, embora a magnitude média de suas estrelas seja 15,1. Conhecem-se 12 estrelas variáveis pertencentes ao aglomerado. Sua classe espectral é F3 e seu índice de cor é B-V = 0,6 e está se aproximando radialmente do Sistema Solar a uma velocidade de 181,9 km/s.[7]

O núcleo do aglomerado apresenta uma população estelar extermamente densa, que sofreu um colapso de núcleo, de modo semelhante a outros 20 dos 150 aglomerados globulares da Via-Láctea, incluindo Messier 15, Messier 70 e possivelmente Messier 62. Consequentemente, o núcleo do aglomerado tem um tamanho muito reduzido, de apenas 7,2 segundos de grau, correspondendo a um diâmetro real de 0,9 anos-luz. Seu raio de meia massa (raio que compreende metade da massa do aglomerado, a partir de seu núcleo) é de apenas 1,15 minutos de grau na esfera celeste, correspondendo a 8,7 anos-luz. Seu raio de influência gravitacional é de 139 anos-luz.[7]

Apesar de seu núcleo altamente comprimido, quase-colisões de estrelas são reativamente raras ao analisar a quantidade de binários de raios-X. Segundo Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, existe uma nova anã no aglomerado, uma de apenas já descobertos em tais objetos astronômicos: os outros estão no aglomerado Messier 5 e no aglomerado NGC 6712.[7]

Referências

  1. Shapley, Harlow; Sawyer, Helen B. (1927), «A Classification of Globular Clusters», Harvard College Observatory Bulletin (849): 11–14, Bibcode:1927BHarO.849...11S. 
  2. a b Goldsbury, Ryan; et al. (2010), «The ACS Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. X. New Determinations of Centers for 65 Clusters», The Astronomical Journal, 140 (6): 1830–1837, Bibcode:2010AJ....140.1830G, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1830. 
  3. Lugger, Phyllis M.; et al. (2007), «Chandra X-Ray Sources in the Collapsed-Core Globular Cluster M30 (NGC 7099)», The Astrophysical Journal, 657 (1): 286–301, Bibcode:2007ApJ...657..286L, arXiv:astro-ph/0606382Acessível livremente, doi:10.1086/507572 
  4. a b «NGC 7099», Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg, SIMBAD Astronomical Database, consultado em 16 de novembro de 2006 
  5. Vande Putte, D.; Cropper, Mark (2009), «Detecting the effect of globular cluster impacts on the disc of the Milky Way», Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 392 (1): 113–124, Bibcode:2009MNRAS.392..113V, arXiv:0811.3106Acessível livremente, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14072.x 
  6. Forbes, Duncan A.; Bridges, Terry (2010), «Accreted versus in situ Milky Way globular clusters», Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 404 (3): 1203–1214, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.404.1203F, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16373.x 
  7. a b c d e Hartmut Frommert e Christine Kronberg (21 de agosto de 2007). «Messier Object 30» (em inglês). SEDS. Consultado em 28 de maio de 2012 
   NGC 7097  •  NGC 7098  •  NGC 7099  •  NGC 7100  •  NGC 7101   

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