Maomé ibne Cazar

Maomé ibne Cazar
Emir magraua
Reinado século IX - 961/962
Antecessor(a) Cazar
Sucessor(a) Maomé
Morte 961/962
Descendência Alcair
Hâmeza
Casa Banu Cazar
Pai Cazar
Religião Islamismo

Maomé ibne Cazar (Muhammad ibn Khazar) foi emir dos magrauas durante o século X e um dos membros mais conhecidos do clã dos Banu Cazar.

Vida

Califado Fatímida
Dinar do califa Almuiz (r. 953–975)

Maomé era filho de Cazar e bisneto do fundador epônimo dos Banu Cazar. Tinha ao menos 3 irmãos, Abedalá, Mabade e Fulful, e dois filhos chamados Alcair e Hâmeza. Sucedeu seu pai em data incerta. Aparece pela primeira vez em 910/911, quando liderou a revolta dos magrauas e outras tribos zenetas no Magrebe Central contra o Califado Fatímida, que há pouco o califa Abedalá (r. 909–934) fez expedição contra os domínios idríssidas e havia obrigado seus príncipes (que eram senhores dos zenetas) a jurarem lealdade. Em 921/922, Abedalá enviou um exército contra ele, mas foi repelido pelos magrauas. Em 922/923, enviou outro exército liderado por seu filho Abu Alcácime, obrigando os magrauas a fugirem ao deserto e atravessarem o Mulucha. Se refugiaram em Sijilmassa, onde desde o século II havia uma comunidade magraua, mas logo Maomé retornou como chefe de um exército ao Magrebe Central, onde tomou posse dos territórios banhados pelo rio Chelife, a terra natal dos magrauas, e Tenés, expulsou os apoiantes dos fatímidas do Zabe e capturou a cidade de Orã, onde instalou Alcair como governador.[1]

Maomé continuou a conquista do Magrebe Central, capturando outros sítios e subjugando o país inteiro à autoridade do Califado de Córdova dos omíadas, no Alandalus. Porém, em 927-929, o exército fatímida liderado por Abu Alcácime foi enviado para pacificar o Magrebe Central. O exército expulsou os magrauas e obrigou-os a fugir ao deserto, mas o sucesso foi temporário, pois Maomé logo retoma sua posição e invade as províncias ocidentais do Califado Fatímida no momento que as tribos zenetas do Magrebe Central e Ifríquia estavam em revolta aberta por professarem as doutrinas do secto carijita dos nucaritas. Em 944/945, liderou duas expedições contra as províncias fatímidas do Magrebe Central, atacando primeiramente as guarnições fatímidas de Biscra e Tierte que caíram perante seu avanço. As expedições foram bem sucedidas para os magrauas e seus aliados, os omíadas, porém os fatímidas logo se reorganizam e sob Ismail Almançor (r. 946–953) conseguiram derrotar os nucaritas e submeter Maomé em 946/947.[1]

Tempos depois rachou com os fatímidas e somente reaceitou a submissão em 953/954 e abandonou definitivamente a causa omíada. Em 958, participou na expedição do general Jauar para pacificar o Magrebe Central e em 961-962, visitou o califa Almuiz (r. 953–975) em Cairuão, onde morreu com alegados mais de 100 anos. Segundo outra tradição, abraçou a causa fatímida pouco após 951/952 e manteve-se fiel até sua morte. Ao falecer, foi sucedido por seu neto Maomé ibne Alcair como emir dos magrauas.[1] No século XII, um parente distante chamado Abdal Samade ibne Cazerune foi progenitor de vários filhos, conhecidos como Banu Cazar e Banu Maomé em homenagem ao emir do século X.[2]

Referências

  1. a b c Yver 1986, p. 1175.
  2. Yver 1986, p. 1179.

Bibliografia

  • Yver, G. (1986). «Maghrawa». The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume V: Khe–Mahi. Leida e Nova Iorque: BRILL. ISBN 90-04-07819-3 

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