Jerrold R. Zacharias

Jerrold Reinach Zacharias
Nascimento 23 de janeiro de 1905
Jacksonville, Flórida
Morte 16 de julho de 1986 (81 anos)
Prêmios Medalha Oersted (1961)
Instituições Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts
Campo(s) Física nuclear

Jerrold Reinach Zacharias (Jacksonville, Flórida, 23 de janeiro de 190516 de julho de 1986) foi um físico americano e professor no MIT[1], e reformador da educação. Seu trabalho científico foi na área de física nuclear.

Biografia

Jerrold Zacharias nasceu em 23 de janeiro de 1905 em Jacksonville, Flórida.

Zacharias se envolveu em ambos o Laboratório de Radiação no MIT e o Projeto Manhattan. Ele ajudou a construir o departamento de física no MIT depois da guerra, e recrutou Bruno Rossi e Victor Weisskpof para o instituto. Durante a Guerra Fria ele foi o chefe de muitos estudos relacionados a defesa nacional realizados na MIT (Projeto Hartwell, Projeto Charles, Projeto ''Lâmpada'') e fundou o Physical Science Study Committee, mudando o ensino de física nos Estados Unidos.

Zacharias também desenvolveu a primeira versão prática do Relógio Atômico a Feixe Efusivo de Césio, que depois foi aceito como o padrão de medida de tempo.

Em 1954 ele testemunhou na audiência de segurança de J. Robert Oppenheimer, onde ele foi acusado de participar na conspiração conhecida como "ZORC" (Zacharias, Oppenheimer, Rabi, Charles Lauritsen) que estaria ameaçando a segurança nacional dos EUA (Pelo contrário, Zacharias fez muitas pesquisas para colaborar com a segurança nacional). Ele foi investigado por agentes do Senador Joseph McCarthy, com quem Zacharias não cooperou (levando ao medo de que ele poderia perder seu emprego).

Ele foi premiado com a Medalha Oersted em 1961.

Durante a administração de Lyndon B. Johnson, Zacharias trabalhou para o Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia da Casa Branca. Nos anos 1960 ele apresentou uma série da palestras na Universidade Tufts que funcionou como uma faísca para a formação da organização pioneira de artistas-nas-escolas Colaborativa Professores & Escritores. Zacharias continuou a reforma educacional durante os anos 1960 e 1970 por projetos como Elementary Science Study e o programa educacional de TV Infinity Factory. Ele também fundou o Centro de Desenvolvimento Educacional, uma organização global que desenvolve currículos de matemática e ciência.

Zacharias morreu aos 81 anos.

Referências

  1. Feshbach, Herman; French, Anthony P.; Hill, Albert G.; King, John G. (Julho 1987). «Obituary: Jerrold Reinach Zacharias». Physics Today. Bibcode:1987PhT....40g..85F. doi:10.1063/1.2820125. Consultado em 7 de outubro de 2014. Cópia arquivada em 4 de outubro de 2013 

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