Gliese 317

Gliese 317
Dados observacionais (J2000)
Constelação Pyxis
Asc. reta 08h 40m 59,24s[1]
Declinação -23° 27′ 23,3″[1]
Magnitude aparente 11,975[1]
Características
Tipo espectral M2.5V[2]
Cor (B-V) 1,2[1]
Astrometria
Velocidade radial 87,73 km/s[1]
Mov. próprio (AR) -461,16 mas/a[3]
Mov. próprio (DEC) 805,57 mas/a[3]
Paralaxe 65,7744 ± 0,0557 mas[3]
Distância 49,587 ± 0,042 anos-luz
15,203 ± 0,013 pc
Magnitude absoluta 11,06 ± 0,04[2]
Detalhes
Massa 0,42 ± 0,05[2] M
Temperatura 3510 ± 50[2] K
Metalicidade [Fe/H] = 0,36 ± 0,2[2]
Idade >3 bilhões[2] de anos
Outras denominações
GJ 317, LFT 538, LHS 2037, LPM 296, LTT 3215.[1]
Gliese 317

Gliese 317 é uma estrela na constelação de Pyxis. Tem magnitude aparente visual de 11,98.[1] Com base em medições de paralaxe, está localizada a uma distância de 49,6 anos-luz (15,2 parsecs) da Terra.[3] Possui dois planetas conhecidos orbitando-a.[2]

Gliese 317 é uma anã vermelha típica com um tipo espectral de M2.5V e uma temperatura efetiva de 3 510 K. É uma estrela de baixa luminosidade com uma magnitude absoluta igual a 11,06. Sua massa é estimada em 42% da massa solar. Possui uma alta metalicidade, com 2,3 vezes a concentração de ferro do Sol.[2]

Sistema planetário

Em 2007, foi anunciada a descoberta de um planeta extrassolar massivo orbitando Gliese 317. A detecção foi feita com base em 16 medições da velocidade radial da estrela pelo espectrógrafo HIRES, no Observatório Keck, ao longo de um período de 7,4 anos. Os dados apresentam ainda uma tendência linear indicando a presença de um segundo objeto no sistema, de longo período, mas que não pôde ser bem caracterizado.[4] Um estudo de 2012 apresentou observações astrométicas que determinaram que Gliese 317 está mais distante do que estimado antes, implicando uma massa maior para a estrela e consequentemente para os planetas. Além disso, novos dados de velocidade radial do HIRES permitiram melhor estimar os parâmetros do planeta externo.[2]

O planeta mais interno é um gigante gasoso com uma massa mínima de 1,81 vezes a massa de Júpiter (MJ) e período orbital de 692 dias. As observações astrométricas determinaram que sua inclinação orbital é maior que 25° com 99% de confiança, impondo um limite de 3,6 MJ para a massa do objeto, confirmando sua natureza planetária. Sua órbita ao redor de Gliese 317 tem um semieixo maior de 1,15 UA e uma excentricidade de 0,11.[2]

Os parâmetros do planeta mais externo permanecem incertos devido a seu longo período orbital, maior que o período de observação da estrela. Os dados de velocidade radial mostram já a curvatura de sua órbita, após a subtração da órbita do planeta interno, permitindo estimar possíveis órbitas. A melhor solução tem uma excentricidade orbital alta de 0,81, com um período de mais de 10 mil dias, mas uma solução com excentricidade zero e um período de 7100 dias também é possível. No caso de órbita excêntrica, o planeta tem uma massa mínima de 2 MJ e um semieixo maior entre 10 e 40 UA, enquanto se tiver uma órbita circular esses valores são 1,6 MJ e 5,5 UA respectivamente.[2] Observações de Gliese 317 com óptica adaptativa eliminaram a possibilidade de o objeto ser uma estrela.[5]

A solução de velocidade radial com dois planetas ainda apresenta altos resíduos, o que pode indicar a existência de planetas de curto período adicionais no sistema.[2]

O sistema Gliese 317 [2]
Planeta Massa
Semieixo maior
(UA)
Período orbital
(dias)
Excentricidade
b >1,81 ± 0,05 MJ
1,148
692 ± 2
0,11 ± 0,05
c >1,6 MJ
>5,5
>7100
?

Ver também

Referências

  1. a b c d e f g «GJ 317 -- High proper-motion Star». SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Consultado em 21 de dezembro de 2017 
  2. a b c d e f g h i j k l m Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; et al. (fevereiro de 2012). «Astrometry and Radial Velocities of the Planet Host M Dwarf GJ 317: New Trigonometric Distance, Metallicity, and Upper Limit to the Mass of GJ 317b». The Astrophysical Journal. 746 (1): artigo 37, 14. Bibcode:2012ApJ...746...37A. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/746/1/37 
  3. a b c d Gaia Collaboration; Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. (2018). «Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616: A1, 22 pp. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365Acessível livremente. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051  Catálogo Vizier
  4. Johnson, John Asher; et al. (novembro de 2007). «A New Planet around an M Dwarf: Revealing a Correlation between Exoplanets and Stellar Mass». The Astrophysical Journal. 670 (1): 833-840. Bibcode:2007ApJ...670..833J. doi:10.1086/521720 
  5. Montet, Benjamin T.; Crepp, Justin R.; Johnson, John Asher; Howard, Andrew W.; Marcy, Geoffrey W. (janeiro de 2014). «The TRENDS High-contrast Imaging Survey. IV. The Occurrence Rate of Giant Planets around M Dwarfs». The Astrophysical Journal. 781 (1): artigo 28, 25. Bibcode:2014ApJ...781...28M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/28 

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