Fujiwara no Kiyokawa

Fujiwara no Kiyokawa
藤原清河
Fujiwara no Kiyokawa
Fujiwara no Kiyokawa
藤原清河
Dados pessoais
Nascimento 706
Morte 11 de março de 778 (72 anos)

Fujiwara no Kiyokawa (藤原清河 706 - 778 ?), também conhecido como Heqing (河清?) foi um embaixador, membro da Corte do período Nara da História do Japão [1].

Vida

Kiyokawa era o quarto filho do fundador do Ramo Hokke do Clã Fujiwara, o sangi Fujiwara no Fusasaki [2]

Carreira

Em 740, Kiyokawa foi promovido de Ju roku i jō (従六位上 Oficial sênior de sexto escalão?) para Ju go i ge (従五位下 Oficial júnior de quinto escalão?) . Durante o reinado do Imperador Shōmu foi promovido constantemente até que em 746 chegou a Ju shi i no ge ( 従四位下 Oficial júnior de quarto escalão?). Com a ascensão de Imperatriz Koken em 749, foi nomeado Sangi , ultrapassando seu irmão mais velho Nagate na carreira da Corte.

Em 750, Kiyokawa foi embaixador na China de Tang , liderando uma comitiva que era composta por Ōtomo no Komaro e Kibi no Makibi [1]. Antes de sua partida, o Imperador deu-lhe o Setto (節刀 uma espada simbólica?) como sinal de seu comando, e foi-lhe concedido o posto de Sho shi i ge (正四位下 Oficial de quarto escalão?). Ao chegar em seu destino entrou Chang'an e teve uma audiência com o Imperador Xuanzong , que os recebeu como mandava a tradição [3].

Na cerimônia de saudação de Ano Novo em 753, as várias nações presentes desejaram votos de melhoras ao Imperador Tang, a delegação japonesa estava sentado na segunda posição, no lado oeste, atrás da delegação do Império Tibetano. Enquanto isso, o Reino de Silla estava sentado na primeira posição, do lado leste. Komaro protestou, e a delegação japonesa mudou de lugar com a de Silla [4]

Quase um ano depois, do previsto o grupo de Kiyokawa retorna ao Japão, acompanhado de Abe no Nakamaro , que vivia na China há 35 anos e era um alto funcionário lá também [1]. O monge Jianzheng quis acompanhá-los, mas como o governo Tang havia proibido sua saída da China, Kiyokawa recusou. No entanto, Komaro o colocou clandestinamente a bordo. Seus navios partiram de Yangzhou , mas o barco que transportava Kiyokawa e Nakamaro recebeu um forte vento e foi parar em terras mais ao sul, na Costa de Annam, no que é hoje o norte do Vietnã [5] . Os nativos atacaram o navio, matando boa parte de sua tripulação. Kiyokawa e Nakamaro mal escaparam com vida [1]. O segundo navio, transportando Jianzheng, chegou ao Japão sem acidentes. Em 755, Kiyokawa e Nakamaro conseguiram retornar a Chang'an. Kiyokawa assumiu o nome Heqing de estilo Tang, e tornou-se Hishokan (秘書監 chefe da auditoria?) .

Em 759, uma delegação chefiada por Kō Gendo chegou à China vinda do Reino de Balhae para buscar Kiyokawa. No entanto, como a China estava sendo ameaçada pela Rebelião de An Lushuan, a Corte de Tang proibiu seu retorno, devido ao perigo das estradas [1]. Em 763, Kiyokawa ainda estava na China, quando a Corte Japonesa nomeou-o governador da província de Hitachi , e em 764 promovido a Ju san mi (従三位 Oficial de terceiro escalão?) .

Incapaz de voltar ao Japão, Kiyokawa passou uma década na China antes que outro enviado japonês chegasse em 777. Em 778 Kiyokawa morreu, ainda na China. A Corte Tang concedeu-lhe o posto póstumo de Lù zhōu dà dūdū (路州大都督 grande governador-geral de Luzhou?) [1].


Referências

  1. a b c d e f Louis-Frédéric , Fujiwara no Kiyokawa in Japan Encyclopedia (em inglês) Harvard University Press, 2002 pp 204 ISBN 9780674017535
  2. Louis-Frédéric , Fujiwara no Fusasaki in Japan Encyclopedia pp 202
  3. Zhenping Wang "Ambassadors from the Islands of Immortals: China-Japan Relations in the Han-Tang Period" (em inglês) University of Hawaii Press, 2005 9. 49 ISBN 9780824828714
  4. Jae-eun Kang "The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism" (em inglês) Homa & Sekey Books, 2006 p. 58 ISBN 9781931907378
  5. Joshua S. Mostow "Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image" (em inglês) University of Hawaii Press, 1996 pp. 161 ISBN 9780824817053
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