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Corpo de Weibel-Palade

Corpos de Weibel-Palade são grânulos de armazenamento de células endoteliais, as células que formam o revestimento interior do vaso sanguíneo e do coração. Elas armazenam e liberam duas moléculas principais, a fator de von Willebrand e a P-selectina e assim, desempenham a hemostasia e a inflamação.

Etimologia

Os corpos de Weibel-Palade foram descritos inicialmente pelo anatomista suiço Ewald R. Weibel e o fisiologista romeno George Emil Palade em 1964.[1] Palade ganhou o Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina em 1974 por seu trabalho sobre a função das organelas nas células.[2]

Constituintes

Existem dois componentes principais armazenados dentro dos corpos de Weibel-Palade. Um é o [factor de von Willebrand]] (vWF) e uma proteína multimérica que desempenha papel importante na coagulação do sangue.[3] O armazenamento de longos polímeros de vWF dá a essa estrutura lisossómica especializado uma forma oblonga e aparência estriada em microscópio eletrônico.[4] A outra é a P-selectina,[5][6] que desempenha um papel central na capacidade dos células inflamadas endoteliais em recrutar a passagem de leucócitos (células brancas do sangue), permitindo-lhes sair do vaso sanguíneo e entrando no tecido circundante, onde podem migrar para o local da infecção ou lesão.

Os componentes do corpo de Weibel-Palade são as quimiocinas Interleucina-8 e eotaxina-3, a endotelina-1, a angiopoietina-2, a osteoprotegerina, a Tetraspanina CD63/lamp3 e α-1,3-fucosiltransferase VI.

Importância clínica

A importância dos corpos de Weibel-Palade é destacada por algumas mutações de doenças humanas. As mutações dentro da vWF são a causa comum da hemorragia hereditária comuns, a doença de von Willebrand. A VWD tem uma prevalência estimada em algumas populações humanas de até 1%, e é mais frequentemente caracterizada por hemorragia mucocutânea prolongado e variável. O tipo III da doença de von Willebrand é uma doença hemorrágica grave, não muito diferente da hemofilia tipo A ou B. A VWF atua no ensino da hemostasia para recrutar plaquetas para o local da lesão, e também é importante na hemostasia secundária, agindo como acompanhante para o fator VIII (FVIII) da coagulação.

Produção

A FvW multimérica é montada no Complexo de Golgi a partir de dímeros de vWF. O complexo de Golgi então faz brotar vesículas cobertas por uma bicamada lipídica que se consistem quase exclusivamente dos vWF. A única organela paralela na fisiologia é o grânulo alfa de plaquetas que também contém FvW. Os corpos de Weibel-Palade são a principal fonte de vWF, enquanto α-grânulos provavelmente desempenham um papel menor.

Referências

  1. Weibel ER, Palade GE (1964). «New cytoplasmic components in arterial endothelia». J. Cell Biol. 23 (1): 101–12. PMC 2106503Acessível livremente. PMID 14228505. doi:10.1083/jcb.23.1.101 
  2. Nikolaus Turner. Nobel Faces. John Wiley & Sons; 2008 [cited 30 Septemb]. ISBN 978-3-527-40678-4. p. 536.
  3. Wagner DD, Olmsted JB, Marder VJ (1982). «Immunolocalization of von Willebrand protein in Weibel–Palade bodies of human endothelial cells» (PDF). J. Cell Biol. 95 (1): 355–60. PMC 2112360Acessível livremente. PMID 6754744. doi:10.1083/jcb.95.1.355 
  4. Microcirculation 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. 2008. 38 páginas. ISBN 9780123745309  |nome1= sem |sobrenome1= em Authors list (ajuda)
  5. Bonfanti R, Furie BC, Furie B, Wagner DD (1 de abril de 1989). «PADGEM (GMP140) é um componente dos corpos de Weibel-Palade de células endoteliais humanas» (PDF). Blood. 73 (5): 1109–12. PMID 2467701 
  6. McEver RP, Beckstead JH, Moore KL, Marshall-Carlson L, Bainton DF (1989). «GMP-140, uma proteína da membrana das plaquetas de alfa-grânulos, também é sintetizada pelas células endoteliais vasculares, e é localizada em corpos de Weibel-Palade». J. Clin. Invest. 84 (1): 92–9. PMC 303957Acessível livremente. PMID 2472431. doi:10.1172/JCI114175 

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